Elizabeth Galik1, Barbara Resnick2, Erin Vigne2, Sarah Dee Holmes3, Victoria Nalls2. 1. University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: galikbeth@gmail.com. 2. University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD. 3. University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Resistiveness to care is behavior that prevents or interferes with caregivers' performing or assisting with activities of daily living and puts residents at risk for inappropriate use of antipsychotic drugs, other restraining interventions, social isolation, and physical abuse. The purpose of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of a previously developed Resistiveness to Care measure. PROCEDURES: This was a descriptive study using baseline data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial testing a Function and Behavior Focused Care (FBFC) intervention. Residents were eligible to participate if they were 55 years of age or older, had a Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) score of 15 or less, and were not enrolled in hospice or admitted for subacute care. Descriptive information included age, race, gender, cognitive status, and marital status. In addition to the Resistance to Care Scale, the Barthel Index, the Physical Activity Survey in Long Term Care (PAS-LTC), and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) were completed. Psychometric testing was done using Rasch analysis and the Winsteps statistical program. MAIN FINDINGS: The participants were moderate to severely cognitively impaired (MMSE of 7.23), functionally dependent (Barthel Index 47.31, SD 27.59), and engaged in only 134.17 (SD = 207.32) minutes of physical activity daily. Reliability was supported based on a Cronbach alpha of 0.84 and the DIF analysis, as there was no difference in function of the items between male and female participants. Validity was supported as all items fit the measurement model based on INFIT and OUTFIT statistics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the reliability and validity of the Resistiveness to Care Scale for use with older adults with dementia in nursing home settings. Future work with the measure may benefit from the addition of items that are easier to endorse with regard to resistiveness to care (shutting eyes or spitting out food may be useful additions).
BACKGROUND: Resistiveness to care is behavior that prevents or interferes with caregivers' performing or assisting with activities of daily living and puts residents at risk for inappropriate use of antipsychotic drugs, other restraining interventions, social isolation, and physical abuse. The purpose of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of a previously developed Resistiveness to Care measure. PROCEDURES: This was a descriptive study using baseline data from an ongoing randomized controlled trial testing a Function and Behavior Focused Care (FBFC) intervention. Residents were eligible to participate if they were 55 years of age or older, had a Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) score of 15 or less, and were not enrolled in hospice or admitted for subacute care. Descriptive information included age, race, gender, cognitive status, and marital status. In addition to the Resistance to Care Scale, the Barthel Index, the Physical Activity Survey in Long Term Care (PAS-LTC), and the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) were completed. Psychometric testing was done using Rasch analysis and the Winsteps statistical program. MAIN FINDINGS: The participants were moderate to severely cognitively impaired (MMSE of 7.23), functionally dependent (Barthel Index 47.31, SD 27.59), and engaged in only 134.17 (SD = 207.32) minutes of physical activity daily. Reliability was supported based on a Cronbach alpha of 0.84 and the DIF analysis, as there was no difference in function of the items between male and female participants. Validity was supported as all items fit the measurement model based on INFIT and OUTFIT statistics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the reliability and validity of the Resistiveness to Care Scale for use with older adults with dementia in nursing home settings. Future work with the measure may benefit from the addition of items that are easier to endorse with regard to resistiveness to care (shutting eyes or spitting out food may be useful additions).
Authors: Barbara Resnick; Marie Boltz; Elizabeth Galik; Sarah Holmes; Erin Vigne; Steven Fix; Shijun Zhu Journal: Pain Manag Nurs Date: 2019-05-10 Impact factor: 1.929
Authors: Anju Paudel; Elizabeth Galik; Barbara Resnick; Kelly Doran; Marie Boltz; Shijun Zhu Journal: J Nurs Care Qual Date: 2022 Apr-Jun 01 Impact factor: 1.597
Authors: Barbara Resnick; Marie Boltz; Elizabeth Galik; Steven Fix; Sarah Holmes; Shijun Zhu; Erik Barr Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2020-10-23 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Barbara Resnick; Elizabeth Galik; Ann Kolanowski; Kimberly Van Haitsma; Jeanette Ellis; Liza Behrens; Nina M Flanagan; Caroline McDermott Journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc Date: 2017-11-28 Impact factor: 4.669
Authors: Barbara Resnick; Ann Kolanowski; Kimberly Van Haitsma; Elizabeth Galik; Marie Boltz; Jeanette Ellis; Liza Behrens; Karen Eshraghi; Shijun Zhu Journal: Clin Nurs Res Date: 2019-04-03 Impact factor: 2.075
Authors: Yu-Jung Jenny Wei; Cheng Chen; Roger B Fillingim; Steven T DeKosky; Siegfried Schmidt; Marco Pahor; Laurence Solberg; Almut G Winterstein Journal: J Am Med Dir Assoc Date: 2021-06-03 Impact factor: 7.802
Authors: Barbara Resnick; Kimberly Van Haitsma; Ann Kolanowski; Elizabeth Galik; Marie Boltz; Shijun Zhu; Jeanette Ellis; Liza Behrens; Karen Eshraghi Journal: Nurs Outlook Date: 2021-07-28 Impact factor: 3.250