Sonja Gandhi1, Salimah Z Shariff2, Ahmed Al-Jaishi2, Jeffrey P Reiss3, Muhammad M Mamdani4, Daniel G Hackam5, Lihua Li2, Eric McArthur2, Matthew A Weir1, Amit X Garg6. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. 2. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. 4. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. 6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, London, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: amit.garg@lhsc.on.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia may occur after initiation of a second-generation antidepressant drug. However, the magnitude of this risk among older adults in routine care is not well characterized. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, population-based, matched-cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: In Ontario, Canada, 2003 to 2012, we compared older adults with a mood or anxiety disorder who were dispensed 1 of 9 second-generation antidepressant drugs with matched adults with comparable indicators of baseline health who were not dispensed an antidepressant drug (n=138,246 per group). A similar comparison was made in a subpopulation with available laboratory data (n=4,186 per group). PREDICTOR: Second-generation antidepressant prescription versus no antidepressant prescription. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was hospitalization with hyponatremia. A secondary outcome was hospitalization with both hyponatremia and delirium. MEASUREMENTS: We assessed hospitalization with hyponatremia using a diagnosis code and, in the subpopulation, serum sodium values. We assessed hospitalization with hyponatremia and delirium using a combination of diagnosis codes. RESULTS: Second-generation antidepressant use versus nonuse was associated with higher 30-day risk for hospitalization with hyponatremia (450/138,246 [0.33%] vs 84/138,246 [0.06%]; relative risk [RR], 5.46 [95% CI, 4.32-6.91]). This association was consistent in the subpopulation with serum sodium values (73/4,186 [1.74%] vs 18/4,186 [0.43%]; RR, 4.23 [95% CI, 2.50-7.19]; absolute risk increase, 1.31% [95% CI, 0.87%-1.75%]). Second-generation antidepressant use versus nonuse was also associated with higher 30-day risk for hospitalization with both hyponatremia and delirium (28/138,246 [0.02%] vs 7/138,246 [0.005%]; RR, 4.00 [95% CI, 1.75-9.16]). LIMITATIONS: Measures of serum sodium could be ascertained in only a subpopulation. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a second-generation antidepressant in routine care by older adults is associated with an approximate 5-fold increase in 30-day risk for hospitalization with hyponatremia compared to nonuse. However, the absolute increase in 30-day incidence is low.
BACKGROUND:Hyponatremia may occur after initiation of a second-generation antidepressant drug. However, the magnitude of this risk among older adults in routine care is not well characterized. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, population-based, matched-cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS: In Ontario, Canada, 2003 to 2012, we compared older adults with a mood or anxiety disorder who were dispensed 1 of 9 second-generation antidepressant drugs with matched adults with comparable indicators of baseline health who were not dispensed an antidepressant drug (n=138,246 per group). A similar comparison was made in a subpopulation with available laboratory data (n=4,186 per group). PREDICTOR: Second-generation antidepressant prescription versus no antidepressant prescription. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was hospitalization with hyponatremia. A secondary outcome was hospitalization with both hyponatremia and delirium. MEASUREMENTS: We assessed hospitalization with hyponatremia using a diagnosis code and, in the subpopulation, serum sodium values. We assessed hospitalization with hyponatremia and delirium using a combination of diagnosis codes. RESULTS: Second-generation antidepressant use versus nonuse was associated with higher 30-day risk for hospitalization with hyponatremia (450/138,246 [0.33%] vs 84/138,246 [0.06%]; relative risk [RR], 5.46 [95% CI, 4.32-6.91]). This association was consistent in the subpopulation with serum sodium values (73/4,186 [1.74%] vs 18/4,186 [0.43%]; RR, 4.23 [95% CI, 2.50-7.19]; absolute risk increase, 1.31% [95% CI, 0.87%-1.75%]). Second-generation antidepressant use versus nonuse was also associated with higher 30-day risk for hospitalization with both hyponatremia and delirium (28/138,246 [0.02%] vs 7/138,246 [0.005%]; RR, 4.00 [95% CI, 1.75-9.16]). LIMITATIONS: Measures of serum sodium could be ascertained in only a subpopulation. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a second-generation antidepressant in routine care by older adults is associated with an approximate 5-fold increase in 30-day risk for hospitalization with hyponatremia compared to nonuse. However, the absolute increase in 30-day incidence is low.
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