Exosomes in the context of Toxoplasma gondii – host communication

Extracellular vesicles – EV’s, including exosomes, are known to be essential tools of intercellular communication, enabling the exchange of information without direct contact between cells. Exosomes are secreted both in vitro and in vivo by single- and multi-cellular organisms, regardless of their type, and play an essential role in cell-to-cell communication. EV’s may carry various materials and ongoing studies have provided a new insight into their potential participation in various critical biological processes, including carcinogenesis, protein trafficking, immunostimulation and pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Although knowledge of the contribution of exosomes in Toxoplasma invasion is still very limited, the present article discusses aspects of their involvement in the interactions between host and T. gondii.