Rui Wang1,2, Yan Dong3, Jia Weng1, Emily Z Kontos4, Ronald D Chervin5, Carol L Rosen6, Carole L Marcus7, Susan Redline1,8. 1. 1 Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 2. 2 Department of Biostatistics and. 3. 3 OPKO Diagnostics, Woburn, Massachusetts. 4. 4 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. 5. 5 Sleep Disorders Center and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 6. 6 Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 7. 7 Sleep Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and. 8. 8 Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Prior researchers found that individual-level environmental and social indicators did not explain the racial disparity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Neighborhood socioeconomic variables, as well as risk factors for a range of adverse behavioral and health outcomes, may better explain this racial disparity and help identify modifiable intervention targets. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the associations of neighborhood socioeconomic variables with obstructive sleep apnea severity and to assess whether the neighborhood variables explain the association between race and obstructive sleep apnea severity. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data of 774 children in six cities who participated in the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial. The outcome variable was the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Neighborhood socioeconomic variables were obtained on the basis of the children's residential addresses and information in the American Community Survey. Regression models were used to assess the associations among neighborhood conditions, race, and AHI. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Higher poverty rate and percentage of single-female-headed households were associated with higher AHI (P = 0.008 and 0.002, respectively). African American race was associated with a 1.33 (1.08-1.64 95% confidence interval)-fold increase in AHI, adjusting for age and sex. After controlling for poverty rate or percentage of single-female-headed households with children, the association between race and AHI levels was no longer significant (P = 0.15 and 0.26, respectively), and the magnitude of race association decreased 34 or 55%, suggesting that the association between race and AHI levels was largely explained by poverty rate or percentage of single-female-headed households with children. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood socioeconomic variables in comparison with individual-level socioeconomic indicators provides better explanations for the racial disparity in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Further research aimed at identifying factors that aggregate in disadvantaged neighborhoods and increase sleep apnea risk may suggest modifiable intervention targets. Clinical trial registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00560859).
RATIONALE: Prior researchers found that individual-level environmental and social indicators did not explain the racial disparity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Neighborhood socioeconomic variables, as well as risk factors for a range of adverse behavioral and health outcomes, may better explain this racial disparity and help identify modifiable intervention targets. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the associations of neighborhood socioeconomic variables with obstructive sleep apnea severity and to assess whether the neighborhood variables explain the association between race and obstructive sleep apnea severity. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data of 774 children in six cities who participated in the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial. The outcome variable was the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Neighborhood socioeconomic variables were obtained on the basis of the children's residential addresses and information in the American Community Survey. Regression models were used to assess the associations among neighborhood conditions, race, and AHI. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Higher poverty rate and percentage of single-female-headed households were associated with higher AHI (P = 0.008 and 0.002, respectively). African American race was associated with a 1.33 (1.08-1.64 95% confidence interval)-fold increase in AHI, adjusting for age and sex. After controlling for poverty rate or percentage of single-female-headed households with children, the association between race and AHI levels was no longer significant (P = 0.15 and 0.26, respectively), and the magnitude of race association decreased 34 or 55%, suggesting that the association between race and AHI levels was largely explained by poverty rate or percentage of single-female-headed households with children. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood socioeconomic variables in comparison with individual-level socioeconomic indicators provides better explanations for the racial disparity in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Further research aimed at identifying factors that aggregate in disadvantaged neighborhoods and increase sleep apnea risk may suggest modifiable intervention targets. Clinical trial registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00560859).
Entities:
Keywords:
health disparities; pediatrics; poverty; risk factors
Authors: Antonella Zanobetti; Susan Redline; Joel Schwartz; Dennis Rosen; Sanjay Patel; George T O'Connor; Michael Lebowitz; Brent A Coull; Diane R Gold Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2010-05-27 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Carol L Rosen; Emma K Larkin; H Lester Kirchner; Judith L Emancipator; Sarah F Bivins; Susan A Surovec; Richard J Martin; Susan Redline Journal: J Pediatr Date: 2003-04 Impact factor: 4.406
Authors: Carole L Marcus; Reneé H Moore; Carol L Rosen; Bruno Giordani; Susan L Garetz; H Gerry Taylor; Ron B Mitchell; Raouf Amin; Eliot S Katz; Raanan Arens; Shalini Paruthi; Hiren Muzumdar; David Gozal; Nina Hattiangadi Thomas; Janice Ware; Dean Beebe; Karen Snyder; Lisa Elden; Robert C Sprecher; Paul Willging; Dwight Jones; John P Bent; Timothy Hoban; Ronald D Chervin; Susan S Ellenberg; Susan Redline Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2013-05-21 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Susan Redline; Amy Storfer-Isser; Carol L Rosen; Nathan L Johnson; H Lester Kirchner; Judith Emancipator; Anna Marie Kibler Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2007-05-31 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Margaret H Bublitz; Joao Filipe Monteiro; Andrew Caraganis; Susan Martin; Jeffrey Parker; Lucia Larson; Margaret A Miller; Ghada Bourjeily Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2018-01-15 Impact factor: 4.062
Authors: Priya V Borker; Michelle Reid; Tamar Sofer; Matthew P Butler; Ali Azarbarzin; Heming Wang; Andrew Wellman; Scott A Sands; Susan Redline Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2021-05-01 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Stephanie L Mayne; Jonathan A Mitchell; Senbagam Virudachalam; Alexander G Fiks; Ariel A Williamson Journal: Sleep Med Rev Date: 2021-03-17 Impact factor: 11.401