Jonathan D Rich1, Igor Gosev2, Chetan B Patel3, Susan Joseph4, Jason N Katz5, Peter M Eckman6, Sangjin Lee7, Kartik Sundareswaran8, Ahmet Kilic9, Brian Bethea10, Behzad Soleimani11, Brian Lima12, Nir Uriel13, Michael Kiernan14. 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: jonathan.rich@northwestern.edu. 2. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts. 3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. 4. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University, Dallas, Texas. 5. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 6. Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 7. Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan. 8. Thoratec/St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, Minnesota. 9. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. 10. Tenet Healthcare, Delray Beach, Florida. 11. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania. 12. Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor University, Dallas, Texas. 13. Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 14. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early right-sided heart failure (RHF) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is associated with increased mortality, but little is known about patients who develop late RHF (LRHF). We evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of LRHF in patients supported by axial-flow LVADs. METHODS: Data were analyzed from 537 patients enrolled in the HeartMate II (HM II; Thoratec/St. Jude) destination therapy clinical trial. LRHF was defined as the development of clinical RHF accompanied by the need for inotropic support occurring more than 30 days after discharge from the index LVAD implant hospitalization. Clinical variables, quality of life, rehospitalizations, and survival were compared between patients with and without LRHF. RESULTS: LRHF developed in 41 patients (8%), with a median time to LRHF of 480 days. A higher preoperative blood urea nitrogen and increased central venous pressure-to-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio were independent predictors of LRHF. The Michigan and HMII RHF risk scores were both associated with an increased likelihood of LRHF (p < 0.05). Patients with LRHF had worse quality of life according to the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (61 ± 26 vs 70 ± 21; p < 0.05), poorer functional capacity by 6-minute walk distance (275 ± 189 m vs 312 ± 216 m; p < 0.05), and more rehospitalizations (6 vs 3; p < 0.001). LRHF was associated with decreased survival (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LRHF is an important complication in patients with LVADs and is associated with worse quality of life, reduced functional capacity, more frequent hospitalizations, and worse survival compared with those without LRHF.
BACKGROUND: Early right-sided heart failure (RHF) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is associated with increased mortality, but little is known about patients who develop late RHF (LRHF). We evaluated the incidence, risk factors, and clinical impact of LRHF in patients supported by axial-flow LVADs. METHODS: Data were analyzed from 537 patients enrolled in the HeartMate II (HM II; Thoratec/St. Jude) destination therapy clinical trial. LRHF was defined as the development of clinical RHF accompanied by the need for inotropic support occurring more than 30 days after discharge from the index LVAD implant hospitalization. Clinical variables, quality of life, rehospitalizations, and survival were compared between patients with and without LRHF. RESULTS: LRHF developed in 41 patients (8%), with a median time to LRHF of 480 days. A higher preoperative blood ureanitrogen and increased central venous pressure-to-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio were independent predictors of LRHF. The Michigan and HMII RHF risk scores were both associated with an increased likelihood of LRHF (p < 0.05). Patients with LRHF had worse quality of life according to the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (61 ± 26 vs 70 ± 21; p < 0.05), poorer functional capacity by 6-minute walk distance (275 ± 189 m vs 312 ± 216 m; p < 0.05), and more rehospitalizations (6 vs 3; p < 0.001). LRHF was associated with decreased survival (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: LRHF is an important complication in patients with LVADs and is associated with worse quality of life, reduced functional capacity, more frequent hospitalizations, and worse survival compared with those without LRHF.
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