Jan Pieter Marchal1, Heleen Maurice-Stam2, Bregje A Houtzager3, Susanne L Rutgers van Rozenburg-Marres4, Kim J Oostrom5, Martha A Grootenhuis6, A S Paul van Trotsenburg7. 1. Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.p.marchal@amc.uva.nl. 2. Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.maurice-stam@amc.uva.nl. 3. Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.rutgersvanrozenburg@vumc.nl. 5. Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: k.j.oostrom@amc.uva.nl. 6. Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.a.grootenhuis@amc.uva.nl. 7. Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Psychosocial Department, Emma Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Post Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.s.vantrotsenburg@amc.uva.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We analysed developmental outcomes from a clinical trial early in life and its follow-up at 10.7 years in 123 children with Down syndrome. AIMS: To determine 1) strengths and weaknesses in adaptive functioning and motor skills at 10.7 years, and 2) prognostic value of early-life characteristics (early developmental outcomes, parental and child characteristics, and comorbidity) for later intelligence, adaptive functioning and motor skills. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We used standardized assessments of mental and motor development at ages 6, 12 and 24 months, and of intelligence, adaptive functioning and motor skills at 10.7 years. We compared strengths and weaknesses in adaptive functioning and motor skills by repeated-measures ANOVAs in the total group and in children scoring above-average versus below-average. The prognostic value of demographics, comorbidity and developmental outcomes was analysed by two-step regression. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Socialisation was a stronger adaptive skill than Communication followed by Daily Living. Aiming and catching was a stronger motor skill than Manual dexterity, followed by Balance. Above-average and below-average scoring children showed different profiles of strengths and weaknesses. Gender, (the absence or presence of) infantile spasms and particularly 24-month mental functioning predicted later intelligence and adaptive functioning. Motor skills, however, appeared to be less well predicted by early life characteristics. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings provide a reference for expected developmental levels and strengths and weaknesses in Down syndrome.
BACKGROUND: We analysed developmental outcomes from a clinical trial early in life and its follow-up at 10.7 years in 123 children with Down syndrome. AIMS: To determine 1) strengths and weaknesses in adaptive functioning and motor skills at 10.7 years, and 2) prognostic value of early-life characteristics (early developmental outcomes, parental and child characteristics, and comorbidity) for later intelligence, adaptive functioning and motor skills. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We used standardized assessments of mental and motor development at ages 6, 12 and 24 months, and of intelligence, adaptive functioning and motor skills at 10.7 years. We compared strengths and weaknesses in adaptive functioning and motor skills by repeated-measures ANOVAs in the total group and in children scoring above-average versus below-average. The prognostic value of demographics, comorbidity and developmental outcomes was analysed by two-step regression. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Socialisation was a stronger adaptive skill than Communication followed by Daily Living. Aiming and catching was a stronger motor skill than Manual dexterity, followed by Balance. Above-average and below-average scoring children showed different profiles of strengths and weaknesses. Gender, (the absence or presence of) infantile spasms and particularly 24-month mental functioning predicted later intelligence and adaptive functioning. Motor skills, however, appeared to be less well predicted by early life characteristics. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These findings provide a reference for expected developmental levels and strengths and weaknesses in Down syndrome.
Authors: Jonathan D Santoro; Dania Pagarkar; Duong T Chu; Mattia Rosso; Kelli C Paulsen; Pat Levitt; Michael S Rafii Journal: J Neurol Date: 2020-09-12 Impact factor: 6.682
Authors: Nadine M Aziz; Faycal Guedj; Jeroen L A Pennings; Jose Luis Olmos-Serrano; Ashley Siegel; Tarik F Haydar; Diana W Bianchi Journal: Dis Model Mech Date: 2018-06-12 Impact factor: 5.758