Fine-tune investigations on three stylonychid (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) ciliates.

The morphology and morphogenesis of two stylonychid ciliates, Stylonychia ammermanniGupta et al., 2001 and Tetmemena bifaria (Stokes, 1887) Berger, 2001, isolated from soil samples of Lombardia region, Northern Italy, and water samples from Cheonggancheon stream, South Korea, were investigated. The Italian population of S. ammermanni was found to be very similar in morphology to the Indian type population and the junior synonym S. harbinensisShi and Ammermann, 2004 since most of the morphometric data overlapped. On the contrary, the Korean population of S. ammermanni showed some non-overlapping differences in ciliature suggesting a separation at subspecies level, i.e., S. ammermanni ammermanni and S. ammermanni koreana nov. subspec. Furthermore, the resting cyst of the Italian population of S. ammermanni has many ring-shaped structures on the surface which, however, were not observed in the Korean population. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSU rRNA gene sequences show that the Italian and Korean populations of S. ammermanni fit well into the S. mytilus complex and moderately support the subspecies separation. Additionally, we split Tetmemena bifaria into two subspecies, viz., T. bifaria bifaria and T. bifaria minima nov. subspec. based on differences in the number of adoral membranelles and number of cirri in the marginal rows of the Italian and the Argentinian populations in comparison with the populations described by Wirnsberger et al. (1985).