Kamini Dangat1, Deepti Upadhyay2, Anitha Kilari1, Uma Sharma2, Nisha Kemse1, Savita Mehendale3, Sanjay Lalwani4, Girija Wagh3, Sadhana Joshi5, Naranamangalam R Jagannathan2. 1. Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India. 2. Department of NMR and MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India. 5. Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune 411043, India. Electronic address: srjoshi62@gmail.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metabolic profile of milk on day 3 and at the 6th month of lactation in mothers with preeclampsia (PE) and normotensive mothers. STUDY DESIGN: Women with PE (n=29) and control women (n=31) were recruited for this study. Milk was collected on day 3 and at the 6th month of lactation. Proton NMR spectroscopy was used to identify 25 milk metabolites (alpha-lactose, beta-lactose, oligosaccharides, myo-inositol, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, acetone, citrate, creatine, phosphocreatine, acetate, choline, lactate, lipid, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine). Principle component analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were carried out to identify differences in milk metabolite composition between both the groups. RESULTS: The levels of milk metabolites varied between the control and PE groups. Alpha and beta-lactose, glycine, glycerophosphocholine (p<0.01 for all); glutamate, glutamine and phosphocholine levels (p<0.05 for all) were increased at the 6th month as compared to day 3 of lactation in the control group. However, in the PE group, only glycerophosphocholine level showed an increase (p<0.01) at the 6th month. The levels of acetate, acetone (p<0.05 for both) and creatine (p<0.01) decreased at the 6th month as compared to day 3 of lactation in both groups. However, the levels of oligosaccharides were similar between groups and also similar at day 3 and at the 6th month of lactation. CONCLUSION: Our data indicates differential levels of metabolites in the milk of women with PE. Future studies are required to investigate the associations between milk components and infant growth and development. Copyright Â
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metabolic profile of milk on day 3 and at the 6th month of lactation in mothers with preeclampsia (PE) and normotensive mothers. STUDY DESIGN:Women with PE (n=29) and control women (n=31) were recruited for this study. Milk was collected on day 3 and at the 6th month of lactation. Proton NMR spectroscopy was used to identify 25 milk metabolites (alpha-lactose, beta-lactose, oligosaccharides, myo-inositol, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, acetone, citrate, creatine, phosphocreatine, acetate, choline, lactate, lipid, phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine). Principle component analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were carried out to identify differences in milk metabolite composition between both the groups. RESULTS: The levels of milk metabolites varied between the control and PE groups. Alpha and beta-lactose, glycine, glycerophosphocholine (p<0.01 for all); glutamate, glutamine and phosphocholine levels (p<0.05 for all) were increased at the 6th month as compared to day 3 of lactation in the control group. However, in the PE group, only glycerophosphocholine level showed an increase (p<0.01) at the 6th month. The levels of acetate, acetone (p<0.05 for both) and creatine (p<0.01) decreased at the 6th month as compared to day 3 of lactation in both groups. However, the levels of oligosaccharides were similar between groups and also similar at day 3 and at the 6th month of lactation. CONCLUSION: Our data indicates differential levels of metabolites in the milk of women with PE. Future studies are required to investigate the associations between milk components and infant growth and development. Copyright Â
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