David van Duin1, Paula D Strassle2, Lauren M DiBiase3, Anne M Lachiewicz4, William A Rutala5, Timothy Eitas6, Robert Maile7, Hajime Kanamori5, David J Weber5, Bruce A Cairns8, Sonia Napravnik9, Samuel W Jones8. 1. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. Electronic address: david_vanduin@med.unc.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. 3. Hospital Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, NC. 4. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC. 5. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Hospital Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, NC. 6. North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Glaxosmithkline, Research Triangle Park, NC. 7. Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Glaxosmithkline, Research Triangle Park, NC. 8. North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. 9. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality after burn injuries. Here, we describe the time line of infections and pathogens after burns. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in a large tertiary care burn center from 2004-2013. Analyses were performed on health care-associated infections (HAIs) meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria and on all positive cultures. Incidence rates per 1,000 days were calculated for specific HAI categories and pathogens and across hospitalization time (week 1, weeks 2-3, and week ≥4). RESULTS: Among 5,524 patients, the median burn size was 4% of total body surface area (interquartile range, 2%-10%). Of the patients, 7% developed an HAI, of whom 33% had >1 HAI episode. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated earlier, and gram-negative bacteria were isolated later during hospitalization. Of 1,788 bacterial isolates, 44% met criteria for multidrug resistance, and 23% met criteria for extensive drug resistance. Bacteria tended to become increasingly resistant to antibiotics as time from admission increased. CONCLUSIONS: We observed differences in infection type, pathogen, and antibiotic-resistant bacterium risk across time of hospitalization. These results may guide infection prevention in various stages of the postburn admission. Copyright Â
BACKGROUND:Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality after burn injuries. Here, we describe the time line of infections and pathogens after burns. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in a large tertiary care burn center from 2004-2013. Analyses were performed on health care-associated infections (HAIs) meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria and on all positive cultures. Incidence rates per 1,000 days were calculated for specific HAI categories and pathogens and across hospitalization time (week 1, weeks 2-3, and week ≥4). RESULTS: Among 5,524 patients, the median burn size was 4% of total body surface area (interquartile range, 2%-10%). Of the patients, 7% developed an HAI, of whom 33% had >1 HAI episode. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated earlier, and gram-negative bacteria were isolated later during hospitalization. Of 1,788 bacterial isolates, 44% met criteria for multidrug resistance, and 23% met criteria for extensive drug resistance. Bacteria tended to become increasingly resistant to antibiotics as time from admission increased. CONCLUSIONS: We observed differences in infection type, pathogen, and antibiotic-resistant bacterium risk across time of hospitalization. These results may guide infection prevention in various stages of the postburn admission. Copyright Â
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