Stephanie Prescott1, Jessica Keim-Malpass. 1. University of Virginia School of Nursing, Charlottesville (Ms Prescott and Dr Keim-Malpass); and Fairfax Neonatal Associates, Inova Children's Hospital, Fairfax, Virginia (Ms Prescott).
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) increases with decreasing gestational age and is associated with many common morbidities of extreme prematurity. Controversies remain surrounding the definition of hsPDA, the population of infants requiring treatment, the appropriate timing and method of treatment, and the outcomes associated with PDA and its therapies. PURPOSE: This integrative literature review focuses on diagnostic and treatment recommendations derived from the highest levels of evidence. SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed and CINAHL were searched using key words "neonatal" and "patent ductus arteriosus" to discover the highest levels of evidence surrounding diagnosis, treatment methods, and outcomes. FINDINGS/ RESULTS: The lack of consensus surrounding the diagnosis and clinical significance of PDA hinders meta-analysis across studies and confounds understanding of appropriate management strategies. Novel biomarkers, pharmaceutical choices, and transcatheter closure methods are expanding diagnostic and treatment options. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Infants weighing less than 1000 g are at highest risk. Prophylactic closure is no longer recommended, although early asymptomatic therapy is still preferred by some to avoid prolonged pulmonary overcirculation or decreased renal and gut perfusion. Conservative treatment measures such as fluid restriction and diuretic administration have not consistently proven effective and are in some instances detrimental. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors are effective but have adverse renal and mesenteric effects. Oral ibuprofen is associated with lower instance of necrotizing enterocolitis. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Well-defined staging criteria would aid in comparison and meta-analysis. Trials that include a control group that receives no therapy may help separate the outcomes associated with prematurity from those associated with PDA.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) increases with decreasing gestational age and is associated with many common morbidities of extreme prematurity. Controversies remain surrounding the definition of hsPDA, the population of infants requiring treatment, the appropriate timing and method of treatment, and the outcomes associated with PDA and its therapies. PURPOSE: This integrative literature review focuses on diagnostic and treatment recommendations derived from the highest levels of evidence. SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed and CINAHL were searched using key words "neonatal" and "patent ductus arteriosus" to discover the highest levels of evidence surrounding diagnosis, treatment methods, and outcomes. FINDINGS/ RESULTS: The lack of consensus surrounding the diagnosis and clinical significance of PDA hinders meta-analysis across studies and confounds understanding of appropriate management strategies. Novel biomarkers, pharmaceutical choices, and transcatheter closure methods are expanding diagnostic and treatment options. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Infants weighing less than 1000 g are at highest risk. Prophylactic closure is no longer recommended, although early asymptomatic therapy is still preferred by some to avoid prolonged pulmonary overcirculation or decreased renal and gut perfusion. Conservative treatment measures such as fluid restriction and diuretic administration have not consistently proven effective and are in some instances detrimental. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors are effective but have adverse renal and mesenteric effects. Oral ibuprofen is associated with lower instance of necrotizing enterocolitis. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: Well-defined staging criteria would aid in comparison and meta-analysis. Trials that include a control group that receives no therapy may help separate the outcomes associated with prematurity from those associated with PDA.
Authors: Sofia El Manouni El Hassani; Hendrik J Niemarkt; Joep P M Derikx; Daniel J C Berkhout; Andrea E Ballón; Margot de Graaf; Willem P de Boode; Veerle Cossey; Christian V Hulzebos; Anton H van Kaam; Boris W Kramer; Richard A van Lingen; Daniel C Vijlbrief; Mirjam M van Weissenbruch; Marc A Benninga; Nanne K H de Boer; Tim G J de Meij Journal: Eur J Pediatr Date: 2020-12-02 Impact factor: 3.183