Juraj Koska1, Marlies K Ozias2, James Deer2, Julie Kurtz2, Arline D Salbe3, S Mitchell Harman4, Peter D Reaven2. 1. Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ. Electronic address: juraj.koska@va.gov. 2. Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ. 3. Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ. 4. Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ; Kronos Longevity Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Increased consumption of high-fat diets is associated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Current models to study the mechanisms of high-fat diet-induced IR in humans are limited by their long duration or low efficacy. In the present study we developed and characterized an acute dietary model of saturated fatty acid-enriched diet induced insulin resistance. METHODS:High caloric diets enriched with saturated fatty acids (SFA) or carbohydrates (CARB) were evaluated in subjects with normal and impaired glucose tolerance (NGT or IGT). Both diets were compared to a standard eucaloric American Heart Association (AHA) control diet in a series of crossover studies. Whole body insulin resistance was estimated as steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentrations during the last 30min of a 3-h insulin suppression test. RESULTS:SSPG was increased after a 24-h SFA diet (by 83±74% vs. control, n=38) in the entire cohort, which was comprised of participants with NGT (92±82%, n=22) or IGT (65±55%, n=16) (all p<0.001). SSPG was also increased after a single SFA breakfast (55±32%, p=0.008, n=7). The increase in SSPG was less pronounced after an overnight fast following a daylong SFA diet (24±31%, p=0.04, n=10), and further attenuated 24h after returning to the control diet (19±35%, p=0.09, n=11). SSPG was not increased after a 24-h CARB diet (26±50%, p=0.11, n=12). CONCLUSIONS: A short-term SFA-enriched diet induced whole body insulin resistance in both NGT and IGT subjects. Insulin resistance persisted overnight after the last SFA meal and was attenuated by one day of a healthy diet. This model offers opportunities for identifying early mechanisms and potential treatments of dietary saturated fat induced insulin resistance. Published by Elsevier Inc.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Increased consumption of high-fat diets is associated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Current models to study the mechanisms of high-fat diet-induced IR in humans are limited by their long duration or low efficacy. In the present study we developed and characterized an acute dietary model of saturated fatty acid-enriched diet induced insulin resistance. METHODS: High caloric diets enriched with saturated fatty acids (SFA) or carbohydrates (CARB) were evaluated in subjects with normal and impaired glucose tolerance (NGT or IGT). Both diets were compared to a standard eucaloric American Heart Association (AHA) control diet in a series of crossover studies. Whole body insulin resistance was estimated as steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentrations during the last 30min of a 3-h insulin suppression test. RESULTS: SSPG was increased after a 24-h SFA diet (by 83±74% vs. control, n=38) in the entire cohort, which was comprised of participants with NGT (92±82%, n=22) or IGT (65±55%, n=16) (all p<0.001). SSPG was also increased after a single SFA breakfast (55±32%, p=0.008, n=7). The increase in SSPG was less pronounced after an overnight fast following a daylong SFA diet (24±31%, p=0.04, n=10), and further attenuated 24h after returning to the control diet (19±35%, p=0.09, n=11). SSPG was not increased after a 24-h CARB diet (26±50%, p=0.11, n=12). CONCLUSIONS: A short-term SFA-enriched diet induced whole body insulin resistance in both NGT and IGT subjects. Insulin resistance persisted overnight after the last SFA meal and was attenuated by one day of a healthy diet. This model offers opportunities for identifying early mechanisms and potential treatments of dietary saturated fat induced insulin resistance. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Authors: Estefanía Toledo; Dong D Wang; Miguel Ruiz-Canela; Clary B Clish; Cristina Razquin; Yan Zheng; Marta Guasch-Ferré; Adela Hruby; Dolores Corella; Enrique Gómez-Gracia; Miquel Fiol; Ramón Estruch; Emilio Ros; José Lapetra; Montserrat Fito; Fernando Aros; Luis Serra-Majem; Liming Liang; Jordi Salas-Salvadó; Frank B Hu; Miguel A Martínez-González Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2017-08-16 Impact factor: 7.045
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