Literature DB >> 27730754

Time-Dependent Bias of Tumor Growth Rate and Time to Tumor Regrowth.

H B Mistry1.   

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Year:  2016        PMID: 27730754      PMCID: PMC5338270          DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12145

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol        ISSN: 2163-8306


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In a recent study by Han et al.1 the authors highlight that a tumor growth inhibition metric termed time‐to‐tumor‐growth (TTG) derived from imaging time‐series data is a strong predictor of survival. The authors demonstrate the strength of TTG's correlation to survival using Kaplan‐Meier curves in Figure 2 of their article. Indeed, the relationship seems incredibly strong, maybe too good to be true. Perhaps it could well be as we now explain. One of the key forms of bias when using covariates that are time‐dependent, which TTG and, in fact, any model‐derived metrics are, is time‐dependent (immortal time) bias.2 In basic terms, this form of bias relates to the failure to account for the time taken to estimate a time‐dependent covariate when performing a survival analysis. The Kaplan‐Meier's plotted in Figure 2 of Han et al.1 assume that TTG is known at the beginning of the study; which is clearly not true. TTG can only be calculated once a certain amount of time‐series data has been collected. Therefore, the Kaplan‐Meier curves in Figure 2 are incredibly misleading and biased. The article by Suissa2 suggests options as to how to handle time‐dependent covariates. One simple option could be to adjust the survival time to account for the time needed to estimate TTG. By accounting for the time taken to estimate TTG, the authors would have an unbiased view on the relationship between TTG and survival. We encourage the authors to show this figure such that readers can see what the unbiased relationship looks like; unlike the biased one published. It must be stressed that this form of bias has been rife in survival analysis3 with the co‐authors of Han et al.1 publishing similar results in another journal.4 We implore people using such metrics to consider approaches that account for correcting time‐dependent bias or at least state why it does not apply to their analysis.
  4 in total

Review 1.  Time-dependent bias was common in survival analyses published in leading clinical journals.

Authors:  Carl van Walraven; Darryl Davis; Alan J Forster; George A Wells
Journal:  J Clin Epidemiol       Date:  2004-07       Impact factor: 6.437

Review 2.  Immortal time bias in pharmaco-epidemiology.

Authors:  Samy Suissa
Journal:  Am J Epidemiol       Date:  2007-12-03       Impact factor: 4.897

3.  Evaluation of tumor-size response metrics to predict overall survival in Western and Chinese patients with first-line metastatic colorectal cancer.

Authors:  Laurent Claret; Manish Gupta; Kelong Han; Amita Joshi; Nenad Sarapa; Jing He; Bob Powell; René Bruno
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  2013-05-06       Impact factor: 44.544

4.  Simulations to Predict Clinical Trial Outcome of Bevacizumab Plus Chemotherapy vs. Chemotherapy Alone in Patients With First-Line Gastric Cancer and Elevated Plasma VEGF-A.

Authors:  K Han; L Claret; Y Piao; P Hegde; A Joshi; J R Powell; J Jin; R Bruno
Journal:  CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol       Date:  2016-07-12
  4 in total
  4 in total

1.  On the relationship between tumour growth rate and survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

Authors:  Hitesh B Mistry
Journal:  PeerJ       Date:  2017-11-29       Impact factor: 2.984

2.  A Pharmacometric Framework for Axitinib Exposure, Efficacy, and Safety in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Authors:  E Schindler; M A Amantea; M O Karlsson; L E Friberg
Journal:  CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol       Date:  2017-05-26

3.  Model-Based Estimates of Tumor Growth Inhibition Metrics Are Time-Independent: A Reply to Mistry.

Authors:  L Claret; K Han; R Bruno
Journal:  CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol       Date:  2017-04-11

4.  Exposure-Response Analysis of Necitumumab Efficacy in Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Authors:  E Chigutsa; A J Long; J E Wallin
Journal:  CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol       Date:  2017-07-13
  4 in total

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