Paweł Nadrowski1, Jerzy Chudek2, Michał Skrzypek3, Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka4, Małgorzata Mossakowska5, Andrzej Więcek6, Tomasz Zdrojewski7, Tomasz Grodzicki8, Krystyna Kozakiewicz9. 1. Third Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa 47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland. Electronic address: pawel24@gmail.com. 2. Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Reymonta 8, 40-027 Katowice, Poland. 3. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland. 4. Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Kleczewska 61/63, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland. 5. International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland. 6. Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Francuska 20 -24, 40-027 Katowice, Poland. 7. Department of Prevention and Medical Education, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland. 8. Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Sniadeckich 10, 31-531 Krakow, Poland. 9. Third Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa 47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be stimulated by microinflammation, marked by increased level of IL-6 and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP). We aimed to investigate whether aging "per se" independently contributes to the microinflammation, in addition to traditional and novel CVD risk factors. METHODS/ RESULTS: The research sample included 4979 participants from PolSenior Study, aged over 65years. The study consisted of three visits and included questionnaire survey, geriatric assessment and blood/urine sampling in 4101 participants (83.2% of the sample). Serum hsCRP and plasma IL-6 were measured in 4093 (99.8%) and 3895 (95.0%) subjects. Multiple logistic regression showed that advanced age (over 80years), obesity, actual/former smoking, decreased HDL-cholesterol, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and depression were associated with occurrence of increased level of IL-6 (>2.4pg/ml). For hsCRP we found that advanced age, overweight/obesity, decreased HDL-cholesterol, actual/former smoking and CKD were associated with increased level of hsCRP (>3mg/l), while high income and statins treatment were related to lower level of hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS: Microinflammation in the elderly is not fully explained by traditional and novel CVD risk factors. Active smoking, obesity and low HDL-cholesterol among traditional risk factors, along with CKD, depression and low income among novel risk factors, are the strongest determinants of microinflammation. Also we found that statin therapy decreases hsCRP levels, which indicates a potential role of inflammation in CVD as a target for intervention in the elderly (e.g. statin use).
BACKGROUND: Age-related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be stimulated by microinflammation, marked by increased level of IL-6 and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP). We aimed to investigate whether aging "per se" independently contributes to the microinflammation, in addition to traditional and novel CVD risk factors. METHODS/ RESULTS: The research sample included 4979 participants from PolSenior Study, aged over 65years. The study consisted of three visits and included questionnaire survey, geriatric assessment and blood/urine sampling in 4101 participants (83.2% of the sample). Serum hsCRP and plasma IL-6 were measured in 4093 (99.8%) and 3895 (95.0%) subjects. Multiple logistic regression showed that advanced age (over 80years), obesity, actual/former smoking, decreased HDL-cholesterol, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and depression were associated with occurrence of increased level of IL-6 (>2.4pg/ml). For hsCRP we found that advanced age, overweight/obesity, decreased HDL-cholesterol, actual/former smoking and CKD were associated with increased level of hsCRP (>3mg/l), while high income and statins treatment were related to lower level of hsCRP. CONCLUSIONS: Microinflammation in the elderly is not fully explained by traditional and novel CVD risk factors. Active smoking, obesity and low HDL-cholesterol among traditional risk factors, along with CKD, depression and low income among novel risk factors, are the strongest determinants of microinflammation. Also we found that statin therapy decreases hsCRP levels, which indicates a potential role of inflammation in CVD as a target for intervention in the elderly (e.g. statin use).
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