D A Frese1, J D Thomason2, C Reinhardt3, S Bartle4, D Rethorst4, G H Loneragan5, D Thomson1. 1. Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. 2. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Ave., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. Electronic address: jthomason11@vet.k-state.edu. 3. Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, 232 Weber Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. 4. Beef Cattle Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, 1 Trotter Hall 1800 Denison Ave., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA. 5. Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Atrial premature complexes have been reported to be the most common arrhythmia in cattle and is suspected to be secondary to systemic disease, especially gastrointestinal disease. In order to properly identify pathologic arrhythmia in cattle, the normal rhythm and arrhythmia prevalence should be defined. The objective of this study was to determine the normal heart rate, rhythm, number of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), and atrial premature complexes (APCs) in unrestrained Angus steers. ANIMALS: Twenty-seven client owned steers with unremarkable physical examinations and serum biochemical analyses were used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four hour Holter monitors, attached by a custom-made harness, were retrospectively evaluated. Three lead electrocardiographic registrations of good quality and normal sinus rhythm were obtained from all steers in the study. RESULTS: The mean heart rate was 66.8 bpm ± 16.4 bpm. Ventricular premature complexes were rare (noted in 14.8% of steers), and APCs were common (noted in 85% of the steers). Simple second degree AV block was observed in 18.5% of the steers. CONCLUSION: In summary, healthy steers have rare single VPCs, although it is possible for an individual animal to have apparent more frequent VPCs. Mean heart rate varies with a diurnal pattern similar to other species. Atrial premature complexes are the most prevalent abnormality observed in feedlot steers.
INTRODUCTION: Atrial premature complexes have been reported to be the most common arrhythmia in cattle and is suspected to be secondary to systemic disease, especially gastrointestinal disease. In order to properly identify pathologic arrhythmia in cattle, the normal rhythm and arrhythmia prevalence should be defined. The objective of this study was to determine the normal heart rate, rhythm, number of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), and atrial premature complexes (APCs) in unrestrained Angus steers. ANIMALS: Twenty-seven client owned steers with unremarkable physical examinations and serum biochemical analyses were used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four hour Holter monitors, attached by a custom-made harness, were retrospectively evaluated. Three lead electrocardiographic registrations of good quality and normal sinus rhythm were obtained from all steers in the study. RESULTS: The mean heart rate was 66.8 bpm ± 16.4 bpm. Ventricular premature complexes were rare (noted in 14.8% of steers), and APCs were common (noted in 85% of the steers). Simple second degree AV block was observed in 18.5% of the steers. CONCLUSION: In summary, healthy steers have rare single VPCs, although it is possible for an individual animal to have apparent more frequent VPCs. Mean heart rate varies with a diurnal pattern similar to other species. Atrial premature complexes are the most prevalent abnormality observed in feedlot steers.
Authors: Alberto L Barriuso; Gabriel Villarrubia González; Juan F De Paz; Álvaro Lozano; Javier Bajo Journal: Sensors (Basel) Date: 2018-01-02 Impact factor: 3.576