Literature DB >> 27719723

[Efficacy and survival analysis of DICE regimen for 97 patients with relapsed or refractory Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

L Y Ping1, Y Q Song, W Zheng, X P Wang, Y Xie, N J Lin, M F Tu, Z T Ying, W P Liu, C Zhang, L J Deng, J Zhu.   

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and survival of the DICE regimen (cisplatin, ifosfamide, etoposide, dexamethasone) for relapsed and refractory NHL.
Methods: Clinical data of 97 relapsed and refractory NHL patients treated with DICE regimen in Peking University Cancer Hospital between Sep 1. 2008 and Dec 31. 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, and then we evaluate the efficacy and safety of DICE regimen.
Results: ① There were 64 males and 33 females with a median age of 49 years. The most common pathological type was DLBCL (73.20%). There were 35 B-NHL patients used rituximab combined with DICE. Finally, a total of 26 patients underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) after the salvage chemotherapy. ② The overall response rate (ORR) was 47.42%, the complete response (CR) rate was 22.68%. The ORR of the relapsed/progressive group was higher than the refractory group [67.57% (25/37) vs 35.00% (21/60), χ2= 9.736, P=0.002]. ③The median follow-up of these 97 patients was 15.0 months (1.5-80.0 months). The expected median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 12.0 (95% CI 5.0-19.0) months, 26.0 (95% CI 6.0-45.9) months. ④There was no difference between the auto-HSCT group and no auto-HSCT group in the median OS [41.0 (95%CI 8.9-73.1) vs 22.0 (95%CI 8.5-35.5) months, P=0.361]. The patients who achieved CR and PR after DICE regimen had longer OS than those patients who in stable or progressive disease (56.0 vs 18.5 months, P <0.001). Patients who used DICE combined with rituximab had longer OS than patients who only used DICE regimen (51.5 vs 28.5 months, P=0.041). The multiple-factor analysis showed that the efficacy of DICE was an independent prognostic factor of OS [HR=4.24 (95%CI 2.12-8.50), P<0.001 ]. ⑤ The major adverse events included neutropenia (84.54% ) , thrombocytopenia (41.24% ), anemia (68.04%), and nausea/vomiting (65.98%), 14 patients (14.43%) had liver function abnormality, 1 patient had acute renal function injury during the treatment period. There was no chemotherapy-related death occurred.
Conclusion: The DICE regimen is effective in refractory and relapsed NHL, and DICE is safe and well-tolerated. The high response rate of DICE regimen may correlate with good prognosis. For the B-NHL patients who used DICE combined with rituximab had longer OS than those patients who used DICE regimen only.

Entities:  

Mesh:

Substances:

Year:  2016        PMID: 27719723      PMCID: PMC7342104          DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.09.012

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi        ISSN: 0253-2727


非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)是一组包括多种亚型、异质性很强的淋巴组织恶性疾病[1],迄今为止联合化疗是进展期NHL的主要治疗方法。目前的一线化疗仍然是传统CHOP或类似CHOP方案,有效率在60%~80%,但相当一部分患者在一线治疗后进展或复发[2]。现将我院2008年9月至2013年12月采用DICE方案(顺铂+异环磷酰胺+依托泊苷+地塞米松)治疗97例复发/难治NHL患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。

病例与方法

1.病例:自2008年9月1日至2013年12月31日在北京大学肿瘤医院淋巴瘤科住院的患者中,共137例复发/难治淋巴瘤患者选择DICE方案作为二线挽救化疗,其中97例NHL患者(均经过病理证实)有完整的临床和随访资料。所有患者均进行影像学检查及骨髓细胞形态学检查。 2.DICE化疗方案:顺铂25 mg/m2、异环磷酰胺1 g/m2(美司纳解救)、依托泊苷60 mg/m2、地塞米松10 mg,第1~4天静脉滴注。每21 d重复1个周期。 3.疗效及不良反应评价:按照Lugano淋巴瘤疗效评价标准[3]进行疗效评估。近期疗效包括完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)、疾病稳定(SD)和疾病进展(PD)。CR及PR患者占全部病例数的百分率定义为总有效率(ORR)。不良反应按照WHO抗瘤药物毒性分级标准(0~Ⅳ级)进行评价。 4.随访:所有患者通过电话进行随访。随访截止至2015年12月31日,中位随访时间为15.0 (1.5~80.0)个月。总生存(OS)期定义为诊断至死亡或末次随访的时间;无进展生存(PFS)期定义为治疗开始至疾病进展、死亡或末次随访的时间。 5.统计学处理:应用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据分析。采用χ2检验分析分类变量之间的相关性,如四格表中计数不满足条件,则使用Fisher检验方法。用Kaplan-Meier以及Cox回归检验进行生存分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结果

1.临床特征:选择DICE方案作为二线挽救化疗97例患者中,男64例,女33例。中位年龄49 (13~84)岁。美国东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)体能评分0~1分87例(89.69%),2~4分10例(10.31%);38例(39.18%)有B症状,52例(53.61%)有LDH升高。难治(一线治疗未获CR/PR)60例(61.86%),一线治疗达CR/PR后复发37例。病理分型:T细胞淋巴瘤9例,B细胞淋巴瘤88例[包括弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL) 71例(73.2%)、套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL) 8例、边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤(MZL)5例、滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)3例、Burkitt淋巴瘤1例]。97例患者中位化疗周期数2 (1~8)个。35例B细胞淋巴瘤患者联合使用利妥昔单抗。12例患者联合使用重组人血管内皮抑制素注射液。26例患者在挽救化疗结束后进行自体造血干细胞移植(auto-HSCT)。 2.治疗反应:全部97例患者中CR 22例(22.68%),PR 24例(24.74%),SD 22例(22.68%),PD 31例(31.96%),ORR为47.42%(46/97)。35例联合利妥昔单抗治疗B细胞淋巴瘤患者的ORR为51.42%(18/35),其中CR 11例(31.42%),PR 7例(20.00%)。9例T细胞淋巴瘤患者的ORR为66.67%(CR 2例,PR 4例,PD 3例)。 复发患者ORR高于难治患者[67.57%(25/37)对35.00%(21/60),χ2=9.736,P=0.002]。年龄、性别、是否存在B症状、ECOG评分、复发/进展时是否伴随LDH增高及病理类型差异对DICE方案的治疗反应均无影响(P>0.05)。 88例B细胞淋巴瘤患者中,35例在化疗期间联合使用利妥昔单抗(利妥昔单抗组),53例单纯使用DICE方案化疗(非利妥昔单抗组),两组患者年龄、性别、复发后的LDH水平差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05),两组患者ORR分别为51.42%(18/35)、45.28%(24/53),差异无统计学意义(P=0.553)。 3.治疗相关不良反应:82例(84.54%)患者出现粒细胞减少(1、2、3、4级分别为7、17、20、38例);43例(41.24%)患者出现血小板减少(1、2、3、4级分别为9、15、11、8例);66例(68.04%)患者出现贫血(轻、中、重度贫血分别为46、18、2例);14例(14.43%)出现肝功能损伤;1例患者治疗期间出现急性肾功能损伤;64例(65.98%)出现不同程度的消化道反应。在治疗期间有10例患者(10.31%)输注成分血(输注血小板6例,输注红细胞2例,联合输注血小板、红细胞2例)。本组患者无治疗相关死亡。 4.总体生存分析:97例患者随访至2015年12月31日,中位随访时间为15.0(1.5~80.0)个月。48例(49.48%)患者死亡。预期中位PFS时间为12.0(95%CI 5.0~19.0)个月。预期中位OS时间为26.0(95%CI 6.0~45.9)个月。 5.auto-HSCT对患者预后的影响:auto-HSCT组(26例)与非auto-HSCT组(71例)2年OS率分别为50.0%、49.3%,中位OS时间分别为41.0(95%CI 8.9~73.1)、22.0 (95%CI 8.5~35.5)个月,差异无统计学意义(P=0.361)(图1)。DICE方案获得CR/PR的患者(46例)中,auto-HSCT组(19例)与非auto-HSCT组(27例)OS时间差异无统计学意义(51.7个月对51.7个月,P=0.125);DICE方案获得PD/SD的患者中,auto-HSCT组(7例)与非auto-HSCT组(44例)OS时间差异亦无统计学意义(27.9个月对17.2个月,P=0.171)。
图1

自体造血干细胞移植(auto-HSCT)对患者生存的影响

6.DICE方案近期疗效对预后的影响:DICE方案获得CR/PR的患者(46例)中位OS时间长于获得SD/PD患者(51例)(56.0个月对18.5个月,P<0.001)(图2)。
图2

DICE方案近期疗效对患者生存的影响

CR:完全缓解;PR:部分缓解;SD:疾病稳定;PD:疾病进展

DICE方案近期疗效对患者生存的影响

CR:完全缓解;PR:部分缓解;SD:疾病稳定;PD:疾病进展 7.一线疗效对患者预后的影响:一线治疗后复发患者(37例)DICE方案的中位OS时间长于难治患者(60例)(52.3个月对26.1个月,P=0.006)(图3)。
图3

一线治疗疗效对患者生存的影响

8.利妥昔单抗对B细胞淋巴瘤患者预后的影响:利妥昔单抗组(35例)的中位OS时间长于非利妥昔单抗组(53例)(51.5个月对28.5个月,P= 0.041)(图4)。
图4

联合使用利妥昔单抗对B细胞淋巴瘤患者生存的影响

9.多因素分析:选择一线疗效、DICE方案疗效、LDH水平、是否存在B症状及是否进行auto-HSCT治疗5个因素进行Cox多因素回归分析,结果显示DICE方案疗效是影响OS的独立预后因素[HR=4.24(95%CI 2.12~8.50),P<0.001]。

讨论

随着单克隆靶向药物的应用,部分NHL的一线治疗疗效较以往相比有很大进步,但仍然有近50%的患者出现复发或进展[4]。复发/难治NHL的治疗目前仍然是难点。NCCN指南中推荐的ICE(异环磷酰胺、卡铂、依托泊苷)、ESHAP(依托泊苷+甲泼尼龙+阿糖胞苷+顺铂)、DHAP(地塞米松+顺铂+阿糖胞苷)、GDP(吉西他滨+顺铂+地塞米松)及DICE等挽救化疗方案的药物与蒽环类药物不存在交叉耐药性,而且一般不影响后续外周血造血干细胞的采集[4]。这些挽救方案的缓解率为30%~70%[5]。铂类为主的方案最为常用,对于CHOP等蒽环类药物为主的方案治疗失败的中高度恶性NHL,DICE方案挽救治疗的有效率为60%~73%,CR率为23%~41 %[6]–[8]。在本研究中,97例复发/难治NHL患者的ORR为47.4%,CR率为22.7%,低于文献报道。与本组患者中难治患者占比较高(61.86%)有关。 利妥昔单抗作为CD20的单克隆抗体,广泛应用于各种类型B细胞淋巴瘤的一线治疗。文献报道利妥昔单抗联合挽救化疗有比较满意的疗效,即便是一线已经使用过利妥昔单抗的患者[9]–[11]。在本组患者中,使用利妥昔单抗与未使用利妥昔单抗B细胞淋巴瘤患者的ORR差异无统计学意义(51.42%对45.28%,P=0.553),但前者中位OS期较长(51.5个月对28.5个月,P=0.041)。 在既往的文献报道中,年龄、LDH水平、一线治疗的CR率、一线治疗后治疗失败时间(TTF)等因素与DICE方案的近期疗效相关[6],[8],[12]。在本研究中,复发组患者DICE方案的疗效好于难治组(P=0.002),其他因素(年龄、性别、复发时LDH水平、病理类型)均未显示出对疗效的影响。 多数文献报道,挽救治疗获得缓解后行auto-HSCT可提高复发/难治中高度恶性NHL患者的CR率、降低复发率,延长无病生存期和OS期[13]–[14]。auto-HSCT在复发/难治NHL的治疗中有很重要的作用[15]。在本组患者中,26例患者在挽救化疗结束后行auto-HSCT,其中19例为DICE方案挽救化疗后达到CR/PR,7例患者为SD/PD。本组病例中,挽救化疗后进行auto-HSCT患者的OS时间与非auto-HSCT组比较差异无统计学意义,原因:①部分患者为原发耐药;②对于一些挽救化疗后PD的患者,尚无更好的治疗选择,进行移植也未能改善生存;③auto-HSCT患者例数较少。 本组病例化疗相关不良反应与文献[13]–[14],[16]报道一致。粒细胞减少、血小板减少、贫血的发生率分别为84.54%(82/97)、41.24%(43/97)、68.04%(66/97),但在治疗期间需要输血的患者仅占10.31%(10/97)。64例(65.98%)患者出现不同程度的消化道反应,可能与DICE方案中的顺铂相关[17]。肝功能损伤及肾功能损伤发生率都很低。总体来说,DICE方案的不良反应属于可耐受范围内。 本研究结果表明,DICE方案是复发/耐药NHL患者安全有效的挽救治疗方案。一线治疗的疗效会影响挽救化疗的疗效,也会影响患者的OS期;DICE方案治疗有效的患者预期OS期较长。目前,来那度胺、西达苯胺、依鲁替尼等新药已陆续应用于复发/难治NHL的临床治疗[18]–[20],有望进一步改善复发/难治NHL患者的OS。
  19 in total

1.  [More attention should be paid to the application and extension of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in lymphoma treatment].

Authors:  Jun Ma; Lugui Qiu
Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi       Date:  2014-04

2.  Ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide: a highly effective cytoreduction and peripheral-blood progenitor-cell mobilization regimen for transplant-eligible patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Authors:  C H Moskowitz; J R Bertino; J R Glassman; E E Hedrick; S Hunte; N Coady-Lyons; D B Agus; A Goy; J Jurcic; A Noy; J O'Brien; C S Portlock; D S Straus; B Childs; R Frank; J Yahalom; D Filippa; D Louie; S D Nimer; A D Zelenetz
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  1999-12       Impact factor: 44.544

3.  Rituximab, dexamethasone, cytarabine, and oxaliplatin (R-DHAX) is an effective and safe salvage regimen in relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Authors:  Julie Lignon; David Sibon; Isabelle Madelaine; Pauline Brice; Patricia Franchi; Josette Briere; Nicolas Mounier; Christian Gisselbrecht; Pierre Faure; Catherine Thieblemont
Journal:  Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk       Date:  2010-08

4.  Salvage therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a combination of dexamethasone, etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin.

Authors:  N Haim; E Rosenblatt; M Wollner; M Ben-Shahar; R Epelbaum; E Robinson
Journal:  Cancer Chemother Pharmacol       Date:  1992       Impact factor: 3.333

5.  A phase II study of dexamethasone, ifosfamide, cisplatin and etoposide (DICE) as salvage chemotherapy for patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoma.

Authors:  J J Biagi; K E Herbert; C Smith; E Abdi; M Leahy; C Falkson; M Wolf; H Januszewicz; J F Seymour; K Richards; J P Matthews; B Dale; H M Prince
Journal:  Leuk Lymphoma       Date:  2005-02

6.  Salvage regimens with autologous transplantation for relapsed large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era.

Authors:  Christian Gisselbrecht; Bertram Glass; Nicolas Mounier; Devinder Singh Gill; David C Linch; Marek Trneny; Andre Bosly; Nicolas Ketterer; Ofer Shpilberg; Hans Hagberg; David Ma; Josette Brière; Craig H Moskowitz; Norbert Schmitz
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  2010-07-26       Impact factor: 44.544

Review 7.  The role of high-dose chemotherapy in patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Authors:  G F Laport; S F Williams
Journal:  Semin Oncol       Date:  1998-08       Impact factor: 4.929

8.  Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (PCI-32765) has significant activity in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies.

Authors:  Ranjana H Advani; Joseph J Buggy; Jeff P Sharman; Sonali M Smith; Thomas E Boyd; Barbara Grant; Kathryn S Kolibaba; Richard R Furman; Sara Rodriguez; Betty Y Chang; Juthamas Sukbuntherng; Raquel Izumi; Ahmed Hamdy; Eric Hedrick; Nathan H Fowler
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  2012-10-08       Impact factor: 44.544

9.  Low urine osmolarity as a determinant of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Authors:  Emmanuel Polycarpe; Laurent Arnould; Elise Schmitt; Laurence Duvillard; Emmanuelle Ferrant; Nicolas Isambert; Christian Duvillard; Jean-Luc Beltramo; Dominique Chevet; Bruno Chauffert
Journal:  Int J Cancer       Date:  2004-08-10       Impact factor: 7.396

10.  Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, version 4.2014.

Authors:  Andrew D Zelenetz; Leo I Gordon; William G Wierda; Jeremy S Abramson; Ranjana H Advani; C Babis Andreadis; Nancy Bartlett; John C Byrd; Myron S Czuczman; Luis E Fayad; Richard I Fisher; Martha J Glenn; Nancy Lee Harris; Richard T Hoppe; Steven M Horwitz; Christopher R Kelsey; Youn H Kim; Susan Krivacic; Ann S LaCasce; Auayporn Nademanee; Pierluigi Porcu; Oliver Press; Rachel Rabinovitch; Nishitha Reddy; Erin Reid; Ayman A Saad; Lubomir Sokol; Lode J Swinnen; Christina Tsien; Julie M Vose; Joachim Yahalom; Nadeem Zafar; Mary Dwyer; Hema Sundar
Journal:  J Natl Compr Canc Netw       Date:  2014-09       Impact factor: 11.908

View more

北京卡尤迪生物科技股份有限公司 © 2022-2023.