Diamanda Rigas1, Gavin Lewis2, Jennifer L Aron1, Bowen Wang1, Homayon Banie3, Ishwarya Sankaranarayanan1, Lauriane Galle-Treger1, Hadi Maazi1, Richard Lo1, Gordon J Freeman4, Arlene H Sharpe5, Pejman Soroosh3, Omid Akbari6. 1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif. 2. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, Calif. 3. Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, Calif. 4. Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. 5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. 6. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif. Electronic address: akbari@usc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Atopic diseases, including asthma, exacerbate type 2 immune responses and involve a number of immune cell types, including regulatory T (Treg) cells and the emerging type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Although ILC2s are potent producers of type 2 cytokines, the regulation of ILC2 activation and function is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, for the first time, we evaluate how Treg cells interact with pulmonary ILC2s and control their function. METHODS: ILC2s and Treg cells were evaluated by using in vitro suppression assays, cell-contact assays, and gene expression panels. Also, human ILC2s and Treg cells were adoptively transferred into NOD SCID γC-deficient mice, which were given isotype or anti-inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOSL) antibodies and then challenged with IL-33 and assessed for airway hyperreactivity. RESULTS: We show that induced Treg cells, but not natural Treg cells, effectively suppress the production of the ILC2-driven proinflammatory cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, our data reveal the necessity of inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand cell contact for Treg cell-mediated ILC2 suppression alongside the suppressive cytokines TGF-β and IL-10. Using a translational approach, we then demonstrate that human induced Treg cells suppress syngeneic human ILC2s through ICOSL to control airway inflammation in a humanized ILC2 mouse model. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that peripheral expansion of induced Treg cells can serve as a promising therapeutic target against ILC2-dependent asthma.
BACKGROUND:Atopic diseases, including asthma, exacerbate type 2 immune responses and involve a number of immune cell types, including regulatory T (Treg) cells and the emerging type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Although ILC2s are potent producers of type 2 cytokines, the regulation of ILC2 activation and function is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, for the first time, we evaluate how Treg cells interact with pulmonary ILC2s and control their function. METHODS: ILC2s and Treg cells were evaluated by using in vitro suppression assays, cell-contact assays, and gene expression panels. Also, human ILC2s and Treg cells were adoptively transferred into NOD SCID γC-deficient mice, which were given isotype or anti-inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOSL) antibodies and then challenged with IL-33 and assessed for airway hyperreactivity. RESULTS: We show that induced Treg cells, but not natural Treg cells, effectively suppress the production of the ILC2-driven proinflammatory cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, our data reveal the necessity of inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand cell contact for Treg cell-mediated ILC2 suppression alongside the suppressive cytokines TGF-β and IL-10. Using a translational approach, we then demonstrate that human induced Treg cells suppress syngeneic human ILC2s through ICOSL to control airway inflammation in a humanized ILC2 mouse model. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that peripheral expansion of induced Treg cells can serve as a promising therapeutic target against ILC2-dependent asthma.
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