Yuko Shima1, Koichi Nakanishi2, Masashi Sato1, Taketsugu Hama1, Hironobu Mukaiyama1, Hiroko Togawa1, Ryojiro Tanaka3, Kandai Nozu4, Mayumi Sako5, Kazumoto Iijima4, Hiroyuki Suzuki1, Norishige Yoshikawa6. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan. knakanis@wakayama-med.ac.jp. 3. Department of Nephrology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. 5. Division for Clinical Trials, Center for Clinical Research and Development, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. 6. Clinical Research Center, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite a low incidence, nephrotic syndrome (NS) can present with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with IgAN presenting with NS (NS-IgAN) at onset have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 426 patients, and compared clinical and pathological (Oxford) findings between those with NS-IgAN and those with non-NS-IgAN. RESULTS: Among 426 patients, 30 (7.0 %) had NS-IgAN. Logistic analyses showed that male sex (OR: 7.6, p = 0.0002), M1 (OR: 10.3, p = 0.002), and E1 (OR: 15.2, p = 0.0001) were significantly related to NS. The mean observation period was 6.2 ± 3.2 years. Although NS-IgAN was associated with significantly lower renal survival than non-NS-IgAN according to Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = 0.02), renal survival of NS-IgAN was good (92.4 % at 10 years). The most significant prognostic factor for renal survival was remission of proteinuria after treatment, and NS at onset is also a significant prognostic factor for renal survival after adjusting for remission of proteinuria. Twenty children with NS-IgAN were treated with prednisolone alone, or prednisolone and immunosuppressant. Remission of proteinuria occurred in 21 patients. Three cases of NS-IgAN progressed to stage III-V chronic kidney disease at the most recent observation. They all demonstrated heavy proteinuria after the 2-year initial treatment. The significant factor for persistent proteinuria at 5 years was S1 in NS-IgAN. CONCLUSIONS: The most significant factor for renal survival was responsiveness to treatment, not NS itself. As modifiable acute lesions are the dominant pathological findings in NS-IgAN, histological improvements achieved by appropriate treatments can result in a favorable prognosis.
BACKGROUND: Despite a low incidence, nephrotic syndrome (NS) can present with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). The clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with IgAN presenting with NS (NS-IgAN) at onset have not been fully elucidated. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 426 patients, and compared clinical and pathological (Oxford) findings between those with NS-IgAN and those with non-NS-IgAN. RESULTS: Among 426 patients, 30 (7.0 %) had NS-IgAN. Logistic analyses showed that male sex (OR: 7.6, p = 0.0002), M1 (OR: 10.3, p = 0.002), and E1 (OR: 15.2, p = 0.0001) were significantly related to NS. The mean observation period was 6.2 ± 3.2 years. Although NS-IgAN was associated with significantly lower renal survival than non-NS-IgAN according to Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = 0.02), renal survival of NS-IgAN was good (92.4 % at 10 years). The most significant prognostic factor for renal survival was remission of proteinuria after treatment, and NS at onset is also a significant prognostic factor for renal survival after adjusting for remission of proteinuria. Twenty children with NS-IgAN were treated with prednisolone alone, or prednisolone and immunosuppressant. Remission of proteinuria occurred in 21 patients. Three cases of NS-IgAN progressed to stage III-V chronic kidney disease at the most recent observation. They all demonstrated heavy proteinuria after the 2-year initial treatment. The significant factor for persistent proteinuria at 5 years was S1 in NS-IgAN. CONCLUSIONS: The most significant factor for renal survival was responsiveness to treatment, not NS itself. As modifiable acute lesions are the dominant pathological findings in NS-IgAN, histological improvements achieved by appropriate treatments can result in a favorable prognosis.
Entities:
Keywords:
End-stage renal disease; IgA nephropathy; Nephrotic syndrome; Remission of proteinuria
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