Weixiu Li1,2,3, Ziyun Wang4, Zhimin Liu5. 1. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. 2. National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. 3. Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong, 250014, China. 4. School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Gui'an New Area, 550025, China. 5. National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. zhiminliu@bjmu.edu.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors associated with illicit opioid use among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) population. METHODS: Participants were recruited from Beijing (2 clinics), Shanghai (2 clinics), Guangdong (2 clinics), Chongqing (2 clinics) and Gansu (1 clinic) provinces. Information about heroin use and MMT was obtained from a self-reported questionnaire, illicit opioid use was obtained from monthly medical records. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with illicit opioid use. RESULTS: Five hundred ninety-eight eligible MMT participants were used for data analysis. Variables such as age, gender, route of heroin use and daily MMT dosages were associated with illicit opioid use. Compared with MMT participants aged <40 years, participants aged 40-44 years (P = 0.027, OR = 0.57, 95 % CI 0.35-0.94), 45-49 years (P < 0.001, OR = 0.41, 95 % CI 0.24-0.67) and ≥50 years (P = 0.008, OR = 0.52, 95 % CI 0.33-0.85) were more likely not to have illicit opioid use. Compared with male participants, females were more likely to have illicit opioid use (P = 0.044, OR = 1.53, 95 % CI 1.01-2.32). Compared with inhalation heroin abusers, abusers with route of inhalation + injection heroin use were more likely to have illicit opioid use (P = 0.009, OR = 2.00, 95 % CI 1.19-3.36). Compared with daily MMT dosages <60 mg participants, participants with daily MMT dosages >80 mg were more likely to have illicit opioid use (P = 0.003, OR = 2.37, 95 % CI 1.35-4.15). CONCLUSIONS: Age, gender, route of heroin use and daily MMT dosages were associated with illicit opioid use. A tailored intervention is needed for a promotion of MMT.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors associated with illicit opioid use among methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) population. METHODS:Participants were recruited from Beijing (2 clinics), Shanghai (2 clinics), Guangdong (2 clinics), Chongqing (2 clinics) and Gansu (1 clinic) provinces. Information about heroin use and MMT was obtained from a self-reported questionnaire, illicit opioid use was obtained from monthly medical records. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with illicit opioid use. RESULTS: Five hundred ninety-eight eligible MMTparticipants were used for data analysis. Variables such as age, gender, route of heroin use and daily MMT dosages were associated with illicit opioid use. Compared with MMTparticipants aged <40 years, participants aged 40-44 years (P = 0.027, OR = 0.57, 95 % CI 0.35-0.94), 45-49 years (P < 0.001, OR = 0.41, 95 % CI 0.24-0.67) and ≥50 years (P = 0.008, OR = 0.52, 95 % CI 0.33-0.85) were more likely not to have illicit opioid use. Compared with male participants, females were more likely to have illicit opioid use (P = 0.044, OR = 1.53, 95 % CI 1.01-2.32). Compared with inhalation heroin abusers, abusers with route of inhalation + injection heroin use were more likely to have illicit opioid use (P = 0.009, OR = 2.00, 95 % CI 1.19-3.36). Compared with daily MMT dosages <60 mg participants, participants with daily MMT dosages >80 mg were more likely to have illicit opioid use (P = 0.003, OR = 2.37, 95 % CI 1.35-4.15). CONCLUSIONS: Age, gender, route of heroin use and daily MMT dosages were associated with illicit opioid use. A tailored intervention is needed for a promotion of MMT.
Authors: Mehdi Moradinazar; Vahid Farnia; Mostafa Alikhani; Ali Kazemi Karyani; Satar Rezaei; Shahab Rezaeian; Behzad Karami Matin; Farid Najafi Journal: Oman Med J Date: 2020-01-23