Evangelia Samoli1, Richard W Atkinson2, Antonis Analitis3, Gary W Fuller4, David Beddows5, David C Green4, Ian S Mudway4, Roy M Harrison6, H Ross Anderson7, Frank J Kelly4. 1. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical school, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 115 27 Athens, Greece. Electronic address: esamoli@med.uoa.gr. 2. Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK. 3. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical school, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 115 27 Athens, Greece. 4. MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK. 5. School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. 6. School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Sulayman St, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 7. Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK; MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is ample evidence of adverse associations between short-term exposure to ambient particle mass concentrations and health but little is known about the relative contribution from various sources. METHODS: We used air particle composition and number networks in London between 2011 and 2012 to derive six source-related factors for PM10 and four factors for size distributions of ultrafine particles (NSD). We assessed the associations of these factors, at pre-specified lags, with daily total, cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory mortality and hospitalizations using Poisson regression. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were expressed as percentage change per interquartile range increment in source-factor mass or number concentration. We evaluated the sensitivity of associations to adjustment for multiple other factors and by season. RESULTS: We found no evidence of associations between PM10 or NSD source-related factors and daily mortality, as the direction of the estimates were variable with 95% CI spanning 0%. Traffic-related PM10 and NSD displayed consistent associations with CVD admissions aged 15-64years (1.01% (95%CI: 0.03%, 2.00%) and 1.04% (95%CI: -0.62%, 2.72%) respectively) as did particles from background urban sources (0.36% for PM10 and 0.81% for NSD). Most sources were positively associated with pediatric (0-14years) respiratory hospitalizations, with stronger evidence for fuel oil PM10 (3.43%, 95%CI: 1.26%, 5.65%). Our results did not suggest associations with cardiovascular admissions in 65+ or respiratory admissions in 15+ age groups. Effect estimates were generally robust to adjustment for other factors and by season. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are broadly consistent with the growing evidence of the toxicity of traffic and combustion particles, particularly in relation to respiratory morbidity in children and cardiovascular morbidity in younger adults.
BACKGROUND: There is ample evidence of adverse associations between short-term exposure to ambient particle mass concentrations and health but little is known about the relative contribution from various sources. METHODS: We used air particle composition and number networks in London between 2011 and 2012 to derive six source-related factors for PM10 and four factors for size distributions of ultrafine particles (NSD). We assessed the associations of these factors, at pre-specified lags, with daily total, cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory mortality and hospitalizations using Poisson regression. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were expressed as percentage change per interquartile range increment in source-factor mass or number concentration. We evaluated the sensitivity of associations to adjustment for multiple other factors and by season. RESULTS: We found no evidence of associations between PM10 or NSD source-related factors and daily mortality, as the direction of the estimates were variable with 95% CI spanning 0%. Traffic-related PM10 and NSD displayed consistent associations with CVD admissions aged 15-64years (1.01% (95%CI: 0.03%, 2.00%) and 1.04% (95%CI: -0.62%, 2.72%) respectively) as did particles from background urban sources (0.36% for PM10 and 0.81% for NSD). Most sources were positively associated with pediatric (0-14years) respiratory hospitalizations, with stronger evidence for fuel oil PM10 (3.43%, 95%CI: 1.26%, 5.65%). Our results did not suggest associations with cardiovascular admissions in 65+ or respiratory admissions in 15+ age groups. Effect estimates were generally robust to adjustment for other factors and by season. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are broadly consistent with the growing evidence of the toxicity of traffic and combustion particles, particularly in relation to respiratory morbidity in children and cardiovascular morbidity in younger adults.
Authors: Henrik Olstrup; Christer Johansson; Bertil Forsberg; Christofer Åström Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-03-21 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Henri Hakkarainen; Päivi Aakko-Saksa; Maija Sainio; Tuukka Ihantola; Teemu J Rönkkö; Päivi Koponen; Topi Rönkkö; Pasi I Jalava Journal: Part Fibre Toxicol Date: 2020-05-27 Impact factor: 9.400