Ying Sun1, Wen-Fei Li1, Nian-Yong Chen2, Ning Zhang3, Guo-Qing Hu4, Fang-Yun Xie1, Yan Sun5, Xiao-Zhong Chen6, Jin-Gao Li7, Xiao-Dong Zhu8, Chao-Su Hu9, Xiang-Ying Xu10, Yuan-Yuan Chen6, Wei-Han Hu1, Ling Guo11, Hao-Yuan Mo11, Lei Chen1, Yan-Ping Mao1, Rui Sun1, Ping Ai2, Shao-Bo Liang3, Guo-Xian Long4, Bao-Min Zheng5, Xing-Lai Feng6, Xiao-Chang Gong7, Ling Li8, Chun-Ying Shen9, Jian-Yu Xu10, Ying Guo12, Yu-Ming Chen13, Fan Zhang1, Li Lin1, Ling-Long Tang1, Meng-Zhong Liu1, Jun Ma14. 1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. 3. Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China. 4. Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. 5. Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, China. 6. Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China. 7. Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China. 8. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China. 9. Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 10. Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China. 11. Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. 12. Clinical Trials Centre, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. 13. Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. 14. Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address: majun2@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The value of adding cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel (TPF) induction chemotherapy to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is unclear. We aimed to compare TPF induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in a suitably powered trial. METHODS: We did an open-label, phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial at ten institutions in China. Patients with previously untreated, stage III-IVB (except T3-4N0) nasopharyngeal carcinoma, aged 18-59 years without severe comorbidities were enrolled. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone (three cycles of 100 mg/m2 cisplatin every 3 weeks, concurrently with intensity-modulated radiotherapy). Induction chemotherapy was three cycles of intravenous docetaxel (60 mg/m2 on day 1), intravenous cisplatin (60 mg/m2 on day 1), and continuous intravenous fluorouracil (600 mg/m2 per day from day 1 to day 5) every 3 weeks before concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Randomisation was by a computer-generated random number code with a block size of four, stratified by treatment centre and disease stage (III or IV). Treatment allocation was not masked. The primary endpoint was failure-free survival calculated from randomisation to locoregional failure, distant failure, or death from any cause; required sample size was 476 patients (238 per group). We did efficacy analyses in our intention-to-treat population. The follow-up is ongoing; in this report, we present the 3-year survival results and acute toxic effects. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01245959. FINDINGS:Between March 1, 2011, and Aug 22, 2013, 241 patients were assigned toinduction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy and 239 to concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone. After a median follow-up of 45 months (IQR 38-49), 3-year failure-free survival was 80% (95% CI 75-85) in the induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy group and 72% (66-78) in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone group (hazard ratio 0·68, 95% CI 0·48-0·97; p=0·034). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events during treatment in the 239 patients in the induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy group versus the 238 patients in concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone group were neutropenia (101 [42%] vs 17 [7%]), leucopenia (98 [41%] vs 41 [17%]), and stomatitis (98 [41%] vs 84 [35%]). INTERPRETATION: Addition of TPF induction chemotherapy to concurrent chemoradiotherapy significantly improved failure-free survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with acceptable toxicity. Long-term follow-up is required to determine long-term efficacy and toxicities. FUNDING: Shenzhen Main Luck Pharmaceuticals Inc, Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program (2007037), National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period (2014BAI09B10), Health & Medical Collaborative Innovation Project of Guangzhou City (201400000001), Planned Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (2013B020400004), and The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0902000).
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The value of adding cisplatin, fluorouracil, and docetaxel (TPF) induction chemotherapy to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is unclear. We aimed to compare TPF induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in a suitably powered trial. METHODS: We did an open-label, phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial at ten institutions in China. Patients with previously untreated, stage III-IVB (except T3-4N0) nasopharyngeal carcinoma, aged 18-59 years without severe comorbidities were enrolled. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone (three cycles of 100 mg/m2 cisplatin every 3 weeks, concurrently with intensity-modulated radiotherapy). Induction chemotherapy was three cycles of intravenous docetaxel (60 mg/m2 on day 1), intravenous cisplatin (60 mg/m2 on day 1), and continuous intravenous fluorouracil (600 mg/m2 per day from day 1 to day 5) every 3 weeks before concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Randomisation was by a computer-generated random number code with a block size of four, stratified by treatment centre and disease stage (III or IV). Treatment allocation was not masked. The primary endpoint was failure-free survival calculated from randomisation to locoregional failure, distant failure, or death from any cause; required sample size was 476 patients (238 per group). We did efficacy analyses in our intention-to-treat population. The follow-up is ongoing; in this report, we present the 3-year survival results and acute toxic effects. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01245959. FINDINGS: Between March 1, 2011, and Aug 22, 2013, 241 patients were assigned to induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy and 239 to concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone. After a median follow-up of 45 months (IQR 38-49), 3-year failure-free survival was 80% (95% CI 75-85) in the induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy group and 72% (66-78) in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone group (hazard ratio 0·68, 95% CI 0·48-0·97; p=0·034). The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events during treatment in the 239 patients in the induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy group versus the 238 patients in concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone group were neutropenia (101 [42%] vs 17 [7%]), leucopenia (98 [41%] vs 41 [17%]), and stomatitis (98 [41%] vs 84 [35%]). INTERPRETATION: Addition of TPF induction chemotherapy to concurrent chemoradiotherapy significantly improved failure-free survival in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with acceptable toxicity. Long-term follow-up is required to determine long-term efficacy and toxicities. FUNDING: Shenzhen Main Luck Pharmaceuticals Inc, Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program (2007037), National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period (2014BAI09B10), Health & Medical Collaborative Innovation Project of Guangzhou City (201400000001), Planned Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (2013B020400004), and The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC0902000).
Authors: Joshua Giambattista; Nevin McVicar; Sarah Hamilton; Montgomery Martin; Benjamin Maas; Cheryl Ho; Jonn Wu; Eric Tran; John Hay; Eric Berthelet Journal: Cureus Date: 2018-09-13
Authors: Kenneth C W Wong; Edwin P Hui; Kwok-Wai Lo; Wai Kei Jacky Lam; David Johnson; Lili Li; Qian Tao; Kwan Chee Allen Chan; Ka-Fai To; Ann D King; Brigette B Y Ma; Anthony T C Chan Journal: Nat Rev Clin Oncol Date: 2021-06-30 Impact factor: 66.675