Maryam Zaid1, Katsuyuki Miura2, Akira Fujiyoshi3, Robert D Abbott4, Takashi Hisamatsu2, Aya Kadota2, Hisatomi Arima2, Sayaka Kadowaki3, Sayuki Torii3, Naoko Miyagawa3, Sentaro Suzuki3, Naoyuki Takashima3, Takayoshi Ohkubo5, Akira Sekikawa6, Hiroshi Maegawa7, Minoru Horie8, Yasuyuki Nakamura9, Tomonori Okamura10, Hirotsugu Ueshima2. 1. Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan. Electronic address: mzaid@belle.shiga-med.ac.jp. 2. Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan. 3. Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan. 4. Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan. 5. Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 7. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan. 8. Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan. 9. Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu City, Shiga, Japan. 10. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein particle (LDL-P) has recently been found to be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). OBJECTIVES: Whether LDL-P is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of LDL-C, as well as other lipid measures has not been fully examined. We aimed to analyze LDL-P associations with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS: We examined 870 Japanese men randomly selected from Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan, aged 40-79 years from 2006-2008, free of clinical CVD and not using lipid-lowering medication. Cross-sectional associations of lipid measures with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC; >0 Agatston score) were examined. RESULTS: LDL-P was significantly positively associated with cIMT and maintained this association after adjustments for LDL-C and other lipid measures. Although these lipid measures were positively associated with cIMT, model adjustment for LDL-P removed any significant relationships. Higher LDL-P was associated with a significantly higher odds ratio of CAC and further adjustment for LDL-C did not affect this relationship. In contrast, the LDL-C association with CAC was no longer significant after adjustment for LDL-P. Other lipid measures attenuated associations of LDL-P with CAC. Likewise, associations of these measures with CAC were attenuated when model adjustments for LDL-P were made. CONCLUSIONS: In a community-based sample of Japanese men, free of clinical CVD, LDL-P was a robust marker for subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of LDL-C and other lipid measures. Associations of LDL-C and other lipid measures with either cIMT or CAC were generally not independent of LDL-P.
BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein particle (LDL-P) has recently been found to be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). OBJECTIVES: Whether LDL-P is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of LDL-C, as well as other lipid measures has not been fully examined. We aimed to analyze LDL-P associations with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS: We examined 870 Japanese men randomly selected from Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan, aged 40-79 years from 2006-2008, free of clinical CVD and not using lipid-lowering medication. Cross-sectional associations of lipid measures with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC; >0 Agatston score) were examined. RESULTS:LDL-P was significantly positively associated with cIMT and maintained this association after adjustments for LDL-C and other lipid measures. Although these lipid measures were positively associated with cIMT, model adjustment for LDL-P removed any significant relationships. Higher LDL-P was associated with a significantly higher odds ratio of CAC and further adjustment for LDL-C did not affect this relationship. In contrast, the LDL-C association with CAC was no longer significant after adjustment for LDL-P. Other lipid measures attenuated associations of LDL-P with CAC. Likewise, associations of these measures with CAC were attenuated when model adjustments for LDL-P were made. CONCLUSIONS: In a community-based sample of Japanese men, free of clinical CVD, LDL-P was a robust marker for subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of LDL-C and other lipid measures. Associations of LDL-C and other lipid measures with either cIMT or CAC were generally not independent of LDL-P.
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