Communicating Delicately: Introducing the Need to Make a Decision About the Use of Life-Sustaining Treatment.

The purpose of this study was to explore how clinicians introduce the need to make a decision about the use of life-sustaining treatment and how surrogates respond to these introductions during family conferences in the intensive care unit. This article focuses on the use of the perspective-display sequence as a way to introduce the decision-making conversation. In the family conferences, the perspective-display sequence involved (a) the clinician's perspective-display invitation of the surrogates' assessment of the patient's wishes, (b) the surrogates' reply or assessment, and (c) the clinician's decision proposal, which often incorporates the surrogates' assessment. Asking about the patient's wishes is a delicate way to ease into the decision-making conversation. By using the perspective-display sequence, clinicians are also participating in shared decision making; their decision proposal is co-constructed with surrogates' understanding of the patient's wishes regarding the treatment.