Raluca G Chelu1, Kevin W Wanambiro2, Albert Hsiao3, Laurens E Swart4, Teun Voogd5, Allard T van den Hoven6, Matthijs van Kranenburg6, Adriaan Coenen4, Sara Boccalini7, Piotr A Wielopolski5, Mika W Vogel8, Gabriel P Krestin5, Shreyas S Vasanawala9, Ricardo P J Budde4, Jolien W Roos-Hesselink6, Koen Nieman4. 1. Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: ralucachelu@hotmail.com. 2. Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. 3. Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA. 4. Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 7. Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Genoa, Italy. 8. MR Applications and Workflow - Europe, GE Healthcare B.V. Hoevelaken, The Netherlands. 9. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated a cloud-based platform for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) four-dimensional (4D) flow imaging, with fully integrated correction for eddy currents, Maxwell phase effects, and gradient field non-linearity, to quantify forward flow, regurgitation, and peak systolic velocity over the pulmonary artery. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 52 adult patients during one-year period from July 2014. The 4D flow and planar (2D) phase-contrast (PC) were acquired during same scanning session, but 4D flow was scanned after injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. Eddy-currents were semi-automatically corrected using the web-based software. Flow over pulmonary valve was measured and the 4D flow values were compared against the 2D PC ones. RESULTS: The mean forward flow was 92 (±30) ml/cycle measured with 4D flow and 86 (±29) ml/cycle measured with 2D PC, with a correlation of 0.82 and a mean difference of -6ml/cycle (-41-29). For the regurgitant fraction the correlation was 0.85 with a mean difference of -0.95% (-17-15). Mean peak systolic velocity measured with 4D flow was 92 (±49) cm/s and 108 (±56) cm/s with 2D PC, having a correlation of 0.93 and a mean difference of 16cm/s (-24-55). CONCLUSION: 4D flow imaging post-processed with an integrated cloud-based application accurately quantifies pulmonary flow. However, it may underestimate the peak systolic velocity.
OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated a cloud-based platform for cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) four-dimensional (4D) flow imaging, with fully integrated correction for eddy currents, Maxwell phase effects, and gradient field non-linearity, to quantify forward flow, regurgitation, and peak systolic velocity over the pulmonary artery. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 52 adult patients during one-year period from July 2014. The 4D flow and planar (2D) phase-contrast (PC) were acquired during same scanning session, but 4D flow was scanned after injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent. Eddy-currents were semi-automatically corrected using the web-based software. Flow over pulmonary valve was measured and the 4D flow values were compared against the 2D PC ones. RESULTS: The mean forward flow was 92 (±30) ml/cycle measured with 4D flow and 86 (±29) ml/cycle measured with 2D PC, with a correlation of 0.82 and a mean difference of -6ml/cycle (-41-29). For the regurgitant fraction the correlation was 0.85 with a mean difference of -0.95% (-17-15). Mean peak systolic velocity measured with 4D flow was 92 (±49) cm/s and 108 (±56) cm/s with 2D PC, having a correlation of 0.93 and a mean difference of 16cm/s (-24-55). CONCLUSION: 4D flow imaging post-processed with an integrated cloud-based application accurately quantifies pulmonary flow. However, it may underestimate the peak systolic velocity.
Authors: George S Liu; Michael H Zhu; Jinkyung Kim; Patrick Raphael; Brian E Applegate; John S Oghalai Journal: Biomed Opt Express Date: 2017-09-20 Impact factor: 3.732
Authors: Miroslawa Gorecka; Malenka M Bissell; David M Higgins; Pankaj Garg; Sven Plein; John P Greenwood Journal: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson Date: 2022-08-22 Impact factor: 6.903