Applications of computational chemistry to the study of the antiradical activity of carotenoids: A review.

A summary of the various quantum chemical analyses that have been employed to evaluate the free radical scavenger capacity of carotenoid molecules are tabulated in this review and the most important observations are discussed. These molecules are able to interact with reactive oxygen species through singlet oxygen scavenging, electron transfer, hydrogen atom abstraction and radical adduct formation. Most studies employ density functional theory to compare the antiradical capacity of different carotenoids with the ones that are most explored theoretically, such as lycopene and β-carotene. A significant number of these applications have been directed towards understanding the electron transfer mechanism, and a useful tool called the FEDAM (full-electron donor-acceptor map) was developed to better evaluate this mechanism. Important aspects that may affect the radical scavenging capacity of carotenoids, such as synergistic effects and solubility, are sometimes overlooked, and a greater number of such compounds should be explored.