Claire Demoury1, Pierre Karakiewicz2, Marie-Elise Parent3. 1. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada. Electronic address: claire.demoury@gmail.com. 2. Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montreal Health Center, 1058 Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, H2X 3J4, Canada; Department of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, 264 René-Lévesque Est, room 500, Montréal, Québec, H2X 1P1, Canada. Electronic address: pierre.karakiewicz@umontreal.ca. 3. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, University of Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; School of Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, 3rd floor, Montréal, Québec, H3N 1X9, Canada; University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis, Tour Viger, Pavillon R, Montréal, Québec, H2X 0A9, Canada. Electronic address: marie-elise.parent@iaf.inrs.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alcohol intake may increase the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many previous studies harbored important methodological limitations. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study of PCa comprising 1933 cases and 1994 controls in Montreal, Canada. Lifetime alcohol consumption was elicited, by type of beverage, during in-person interviews. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) assessed the association between alcohol intake and PCa risk, adjusting for potential confounders and considering the subjects' PCa screening history. RESULTS: We observed a weak, non-significant positive association between high consumption of total alcohol over the lifetime and risk of high-grade PCa (OR=1.18, 95% CI 0.81-1.73). Risk estimates were more pronounced among current drinkers (OR=1.40, 95%CI 1.00-1.97), particularly after adjusting for the timing of last PCa screening (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.07-2.16). These associations were largely driven by beer consumption. The OR for high-grade PCa associated with high beer intake was 1.37 (95%CI 1.00-1.89); it was 1.49 (95%CI 0.99-2.23) among current drinkers and 1.68 (95% CI 1.10-2.57) after adjusting for screening recency. High cumulative consumption of spirits was associated with a lower risk of low-grade PCa (OR=0.75, 95%CI 0.60-0.94) but the risk estimate no longer achieved statistical significance when restricting to current users. No association was found for wine consumption. CONCLUSION: Findings add to the accumulating evidence that high alcohol consumption increases the risk of high-grade PCa. This association largely reflected beer intake in our population, and was strengthened when taking into account PCa screening history. Copyright Â
BACKGROUND:Alcohol intake may increase the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many previous studies harbored important methodological limitations. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study of PCa comprising 1933 cases and 1994 controls in Montreal, Canada. Lifetime alcohol consumption was elicited, by type of beverage, during in-person interviews. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) assessed the association between alcohol intake and PCa risk, adjusting for potential confounders and considering the subjects' PCa screening history. RESULTS: We observed a weak, non-significant positive association between high consumption of total alcohol over the lifetime and risk of high-grade PCa (OR=1.18, 95% CI 0.81-1.73). Risk estimates were more pronounced among current drinkers (OR=1.40, 95%CI 1.00-1.97), particularly after adjusting for the timing of last PCa screening (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.07-2.16). These associations were largely driven by beer consumption. The OR for high-grade PCa associated with high beer intake was 1.37 (95%CI 1.00-1.89); it was 1.49 (95%CI 0.99-2.23) among current drinkers and 1.68 (95% CI 1.10-2.57) after adjusting for screening recency. High cumulative consumption of spirits was associated with a lower risk of low-grade PCa (OR=0.75, 95%CI 0.60-0.94) but the risk estimate no longer achieved statistical significance when restricting to current users. No association was found for wine consumption. CONCLUSION: Findings add to the accumulating evidence that high alcohol consumption increases the risk of high-grade PCa. This association largely reflected beer intake in our population, and was strengthened when taking into account PCa screening history. Copyright Â
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