James Rooney1, Isabella Fogh2, Henk-Jan Westeneng3, Alice Vajda1, Russell McLaughlin1, Mark Heverin1, Ashley Jones2, Ruben van Eijk3, Andrea Calvo4, Letizia Mazzini5, Christopher Shaw2, Karen Morrison6, Pamela J Shaw7, Wim Robberecht8,9, Phillip Van Damme8,10, Ammar Al-Chalabi2, Leonard van den Berg3, Adriano Chiò4, Jan Veldink3, Orla Hardiman1,11. 1. Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. 2. Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. 3. Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy. 5. Department of Neurology, ALS Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Novara, Italy. 6. Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 7. Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. 8. Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology-Laboratory of Neurobiology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Belgium. 9. Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium. 10. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 11. Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The C9orf72 repeat expansion has been reported as a negative prognostic factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have examined the prognostic impact of the C9orf72 repeat expansion in European subgroups based on gender and site of onset. METHODS: C9orf72 status and demographic/clinical data from 4925 patients with ALS drawn from 3 prospective ALS registers (Ireland, Italy and the Netherlands), and clinical data sets in the UK and Belgium. Flexible parametric survival models were built including known prognostic factors (age, diagnostic delay and site of onset), gender and the presence of an expanded repeat in C9orf72. These were used to explore the effects of C9orf72 on survival by gender and site of onset. Individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was used to estimate HRs for results of particular importance. RESULTS: 457 (8.95%) of 4925 ALS cases carried the C9orf72 repeat expansion. A meta-analysis of C9orf72 estimated a survival HR of 1.36 (1.18 to 1.57) for those carrying the expansion. Models evaluating interaction between gender and C9orf72 repeat expansions demonstrated that the reduced survival due to C9orf72 expansion was being driven by spinal onset males (HR 1.56 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.96). CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the largest combined analysis of the prognostic characteristics of the C9orf72 expansion. We have shown for the first time that the negative prognostic implication of this variant is driven by males with spinal onset disease, indicating a hitherto unrecognised gender-mediated effect of the variant that requires further exploration. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
INTRODUCTION: The C9orf72 repeat expansion has been reported as a negative prognostic factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have examined the prognostic impact of the C9orf72 repeat expansion in European subgroups based on gender and site of onset. METHODS:C9orf72 status and demographic/clinical data from 4925 patients with ALS drawn from 3 prospective ALS registers (Ireland, Italy and the Netherlands), and clinical data sets in the UK and Belgium. Flexible parametric survival models were built including known prognostic factors (age, diagnostic delay and site of onset), gender and the presence of an expanded repeat in C9orf72. These were used to explore the effects of C9orf72 on survival by gender and site of onset. Individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was used to estimate HRs for results of particular importance. RESULTS: 457 (8.95%) of 4925 ALS cases carried the C9orf72 repeat expansion. A meta-analysis of C9orf72 estimated a survival HR of 1.36 (1.18 to 1.57) for those carrying the expansion. Models evaluating interaction between gender and C9orf72 repeat expansions demonstrated that the reduced survival due to C9orf72 expansion was being driven by spinal onset males (HR 1.56 (95% CI 1.25 to 1.96). CONCLUSIONS: This study represents the largest combined analysis of the prognostic characteristics of the C9orf72 expansion. We have shown for the first time that the negative prognostic implication of this variant is driven by males with spinal onset disease, indicating a hitherto unrecognised gender-mediated effect of the variant that requires further exploration. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
Authors: Victoria M McLeod; Chew L Lau; Mathew D F Chiam; Thusitha W Rupasinghe; Ute Roessner; Elvan Djouma; Wah C Boon; Bradley J Turner Journal: Br J Pharmacol Date: 2019-05-23 Impact factor: 8.739
Authors: James Rooney; Deirdre Murray; Anna Campion; Hannah Moloney; Rachel Tattersall; Mark Doherty; Michaela Hammond; Mark Heverin; Russell McLaughlin; Orla Hardiman Journal: HRB Open Res Date: 2019-09-26