Edward I Broughton1,2, Martin Muhire3, Esther Karamagi4, Herbert Kisamba3. 1. R&E director, University Research Co., LLC. 2. Department of International Health Associate, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health. 3. Senior Quality Improvement Advisor, University Research Co., LLC. 4. Deputy COP, University Research Co., LLC.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The chronic care model (CCM) is an integrated, population-based approach for treating those with chronic diseases that involves patient self-management, delivery system design and decision support for clinicians to ensure evidence-based care. We sought to determine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implementing the CCM for HIV care in Uganda. DESIGN: This controlled, pre/post-intervention study used difference-in-differences analysis to evaluate effectiveness of the CCM to improve patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and CD4 counts. SETTING: One district hospital and two smaller facilities each in one intervention and one control district in Uganda. PARTICIPANTS: About 46 randomly sampled patients receiving HIV services at three control sites and 56 patients from three intervention sites. INTERVENTION: Two group training sessions and monthly coaching visits from improvement experts over 1 year, implementing the CCM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Patient adherence to ART prescriptions (pill counts) and CD4 counts were measured at baseline and en dline. RESULTS: The odds of increased CD4 in the intervention group was 3.2 times higher than controls (P = 0.022). Clinician-reported ART adherence was 60% (P = 0.001) higher in the intervention group. The intervention cost $11 740 and served 7016 patients ($1.67 per patient). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of the intervention compared to business-as-usual was $6.90 per additional patient with improved CD4 and $3.40 per additional ART patient with stable or improved adherence. CONCLUSION: For modest expenditure, it is possible to improve indicators of HIV care quality using the CCM. We recommended implementing the CCM in Uganda; it may be applicable in similar settings in other countries.
OBJECTIVE: The chronic care model (CCM) is an integrated, population-based approach for treating those with chronic diseases that involves patient self-management, delivery system design and decision support for clinicians to ensure evidence-based care. We sought to determine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implementing the CCM for HIV care in Uganda. DESIGN: This controlled, pre/post-intervention study used difference-in-differences analysis to evaluate effectiveness of the CCM to improve patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and CD4 counts. SETTING: One district hospital and two smaller facilities each in one intervention and one control district in Uganda. PARTICIPANTS: About 46 randomly sampled patients receiving HIV services at three control sites and 56 patients from three intervention sites. INTERVENTION: Two group training sessions and monthly coaching visits from improvement experts over 1 year, implementing the CCM. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Patient adherence to ART prescriptions (pill counts) and CD4 counts were measured at baseline and en dline. RESULTS: The odds of increased CD4 in the intervention group was 3.2 times higher than controls (P = 0.022). Clinician-reported ART adherence was 60% (P = 0.001) higher in the intervention group. The intervention cost $11 740 and served 7016 patients ($1.67 per patient). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of the intervention compared to business-as-usual was $6.90 per additional patient with improved CD4 and $3.40 per additional ART patient with stable or improved adherence. CONCLUSION: For modest expenditure, it is possible to improve indicators of HIV care quality using the CCM. We recommended implementing the CCM in Uganda; it may be applicable in similar settings in other countries.
Authors: Victoria H Davis; Stephanie A Nixon; Kathleen Murphy; Cathy Cameron; Virginia A Bond; Jill Hanass-Hancock; Lauren Kimura; Margaret C Maimbolwa; J Anitha Menon; Erica Nekolaichuk; Patricia Solomon Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2022-04-16
Authors: Caroline A Bulstra; Jan A C Hontelez; Moritz Otto; Anna Stepanova; Erik Lamontagne; Anna Yakusik; Wafaa M El-Sadr; Tsitsi Apollo; Miriam Rabkin; Rifat Atun; Till Bärnighausen Journal: PLoS Med Date: 2021-11-09 Impact factor: 11.069