Dalton Luiz Schiessel1, Ricardo K Yamazaki2, Marcelo Kryczyk2, Isabela Coelho de Castro3, Adriana A Yamaguchi4, Danielle C T Pequito5, Gleisson A P Brito6, Gina Borghetti7, Júlia Aikawa2, Everson A Nunes8, Kátia Naliwaiko9, Luiz C Fernandes2. 1. a Departamento de Nutrição , Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste-UNICENTRO , Guarapuava , Paraná , Brazil. 2. b Laboratório de Metabolismo Celular, Departamento de Fisiologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil. 3. c Departamento de Nutrição , Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Lavras , Lavras , Minas Gerais , Brazil. 4. d Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Hospital Pequeno Príncipe , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil. 5. e Curso de Medicina-Campus de Três Lagoas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil. 6. f Centro de Ciências da Vida, Instituto de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana , Foz do Iguaçu , Paraná , Brazil. 7. g Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Roraima , Boa Vista , Roraima , Brazil. 8. h Laboratório de Investigação de Doenças Crônicas, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Florianópolis , Santa Catarina , Brazil. 9. i Departamento de Biologia Celular , Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 (PUFA n-3) have shown effects in reducing tumor growth, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) abundantly present in fish oil (FO). When these fatty acids are provided in the diet, they alter the functions of the cells, particularly in tumor and immune cells. However, the effects of α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA), which is the precursor of EPA and DHA, are controversial. Thus, our objective was to test the effect of this parental fatty acid. METHODS: Non-tumor-bearing and tumor-bearing Wistar rats (70 days) were supplemented with 1 g/kg body weight of FO or Oro Inca® (OI) oil (rich in ALA). Immune cells function, proliferation, cytokine production, and subpopulation profile were evaluated. RESULTS: We have shown that innate immune cells enhanced phagocytosis capacity, and increased processing and elimination of antigens. Moreover, there was a decrease in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)) by macrophages. Lymphocytes showed decreased proliferation capacity, increased cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+) subpopulation, and increased TNF-α production. CONCLUSIONS: Oil rich in ALA caused similar immune modulation in cancer when compared with FO.
OBJECTIVE:Polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 (PUFA n-3) have shown effects in reducing tumor growth, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) abundantly present in fish oil (FO). When these fatty acids are provided in the diet, they alter the functions of the cells, particularly in tumor and immune cells. However, the effects of α-linolenic fatty acid (ALA), which is the precursor of EPA and DHA, are controversial. Thus, our objective was to test the effect of this parental fatty acid. METHODS: Non-tumor-bearing and tumor-bearing Wistar rats (70 days) were supplemented with 1 g/kg body weight of FO or Oro Inca® (OI) oil (rich in ALA). Immune cells function, proliferation, cytokine production, and subpopulation profile were evaluated. RESULTS: We have shown that innate immune cells enhanced phagocytosis capacity, and increased processing and elimination of antigens. Moreover, there was a decrease in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)) by macrophages. Lymphocytes showed decreased proliferation capacity, increased cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8+) subpopulation, and increased TNF-α production. CONCLUSIONS:Oil rich in ALA caused similar immune modulation in cancer when compared with FO.