Epicardial CRT-P- and S-ICD Implantation in a Young Patient with Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava.

Persistent left superior vena cava is known to be a challenging anatomic abnormality for transvenous cardiac device implantation. In the a case of a young man presenting with dilative cardiomyopathy with severely impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and second-degree atrioventricular block (AV block), cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with defibrillator (CRT-D) implantation was indicated. A transvenous approach was attempted, but placement of the right ventricular lead was not successful due to anatomic abnormalities. Therefore, epicardial CRT leads were implanted via a left mini-thoracotomy. For primary prevention of sudden death, the patient was also fitted with an additional subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD). Any cross-talk between the devices was ruled out both intraoperatively and by ergometry prior to discharge. The combination of epicardial CRT-P with S‑ICD implantation might be a safe and effective alternative in patients with cardiac anatomic abnormalities.