Won-Kang Lee1, Jung-Hee Bae2, Kyung-Seok Hu2, Takafumi Kato3, Seong-Taek Kim4,5. 1. Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea. 2. Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea. 3. Department of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan. 4. Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea. k8756050@yuhs.ac. 5. Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea. k8756050@yuhs.ac.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to simplify the anatomically safe and reproducible approach for BoNT injection and to generate a detailed topographic map of the important anatomical structures of the temporal region by dividing the temporalis into nine equally sized compartments. METHODS: Nineteen sides of temporalis muscle were used. The topographies of the superficial temporal artery, middle temporal vein, temporalis tendon, and the temporalis muscle were evaluated. Also evaluated was the postural relations among the foregoing anatomical structures in the temporalis muscle, pivoted upon a total of nine compartments. RESULTS: The temporalis above the zygomatic arch exhibited an oblique quadrangular shape with rounded upper right and left corners. The distance between the anterior and posterior margins of the temporalis muscle was equal to the width of the temporalis rectangle, and the distance between the reference line and the superior temporalis margin was equal to its height. The mean ratio of width to height was 5:4. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend compartments Am, Mu, and Pm (coordinates of the rectangular outline) as areas in the temporal region for BoNT injection, because using these sites will avoid large blood vessels and tendons, thus improving the safety and reproducibility of the injection.
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to simplify the anatomically safe and reproducible approach for BoNT injection and to generate a detailed topographic map of the important anatomical structures of the temporal region by dividing the temporalis into nine equally sized compartments. METHODS: Nineteen sides of temporalis muscle were used. The topographies of the superficial temporal artery, middle temporal vein, temporalis tendon, and the temporalis muscle were evaluated. Also evaluated was the postural relations among the foregoing anatomical structures in the temporalis muscle, pivoted upon a total of nine compartments. RESULTS: The temporalis above the zygomatic arch exhibited an oblique quadrangular shape with rounded upper right and left corners. The distance between the anterior and posterior margins of the temporalis muscle was equal to the width of the temporalis rectangle, and the distance between the reference line and the superior temporalis margin was equal to its height. The mean ratio of width to height was 5:4. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend compartments Am, Mu, and Pm (coordinates of the rectangular outline) as areas in the temporal region for BoNT injection, because using these sites will avoid large blood vessels and tendons, thus improving the safety and reproducibility of the injection.
Authors: Kyu-Lim Lee; Hyun Jin Cho; Hyungkyu Bae; Hyun Jin Park; Min Sun Park; Hee-Jin Kim Journal: Toxins (Basel) Date: 2020-03-22 Impact factor: 4.546