Sylvie Casteras1,2,3, Aya Abdul-Wahed1,2,3, Maud Soty1,2,3, Fanny Vulin1,2,3, Hervé Guillou4, Mélanie Campana5,6, Hervé Le Stunff5,6, Luciano Pirola2,3,7, Fabienne Rajas1,2,3, Gilles Mithieux1,2,3, Amandine Gautier-Stein8,9,10. 1. Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France. 2. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. 3. Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France. 4. INRA, ToxAlim UMR1331 (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Toulouse, France. 5. Unité Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative -UMR CNRS 8251, Université Paris- Diderot (7), Paris, France. 6. I2BC - UMR 9198 Université Paris Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France. 7. Laboratoire de Recherche en Cardiovasculaire, Métabolisme, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CarMeN, Oullins, France. 8. Inserm U1213, Faculté Laennec, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon cedex 08, France. amandine.gautier-stein@univ-lyon1.fr. 9. Université de Lyon, Lyon, France. amandine.gautier-stein@univ-lyon1.fr. 10. Université Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France. amandine.gautier-stein@univ-lyon1.fr.
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Despite the strong correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis is associated with greater whole-body insulin sensitivity in several models. We previously reported that the inhibition of hepatic glucose production (HGP) protects against the development of obesity and diabetes despite severe steatosis, thanks to the secretion of specific hepatokines such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and angiopoietin-related growth factor. In this work, we focused on adipose tissue to assess whether liver metabolic fluxes might, by interorgan communication, control insulin signalling in lean animals. METHODS: Insulin signalling was studied in the adipose tissue of mice lacking the catalytic subunit of glucose 6-phosphatase, the key enzyme in endogenous glucose production, in the liver (L-G6pc -/- mice). Morphological and metabolic changes in the adipose tissues were characterised by histological analyses, gene expression and protein content. RESULTS: Mice lacking HGP exhibited improved insulin sensitivity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in the subcutaneous adipose tissue associated with a browning of adipocytes. The suppression of HGP increased FGF21 levels in lean animals, and increased FGF21 was responsible for the metabolic changes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue but not for its greater insulin sensitivity. The latter might be linked to an increase in the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids released by the liver. CONCLUSIONS: Our work provides evidence that HGP controls subcutaneous adipose tissue browning and insulin sensitivity through two pathways: the release of beneficial hepatokines and changes in hepatic fatty acids profile.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Despite the strong correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis is associated with greater whole-body insulin sensitivity in several models. We previously reported that the inhibition of hepatic glucose production (HGP) protects against the development of obesity and diabetes despite severe steatosis, thanks to the secretion of specific hepatokines such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and angiopoietin-related growth factor. In this work, we focused on adipose tissue to assess whether liver metabolic fluxes might, by interorgan communication, control insulin signalling in lean animals. METHODS: Insulin signalling was studied in the adipose tissue of mice lacking the catalytic subunit of glucose 6-phosphatase, the key enzyme in endogenous glucose production, in the liver (L-G6pc -/- mice). Morphological and metabolic changes in the adipose tissues were characterised by histological analyses, gene expression and protein content. RESULTS:Mice lacking HGP exhibited improved insulin sensitivity of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in the subcutaneous adipose tissue associated with a browning of adipocytes. The suppression of HGP increased FGF21 levels in lean animals, and increased FGF21 was responsible for the metabolic changes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue but not for its greater insulin sensitivity. The latter might be linked to an increase in the ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids released by the liver. CONCLUSIONS: Our work provides evidence that HGP controls subcutaneous adipose tissue browning and insulin sensitivity through two pathways: the release of beneficial hepatokines and changes in hepatic fatty acids profile.
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