BACKGROUND: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents is increasing, mirroring the epidemic of paediatric obesity. Early-onset T2DM is associated with poor long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVE: In this article, we describe the growing problem of early-onset T2DM in Australia, explore the difference between early-onset and adult-onset T2DM, and review the management of T2DM in children and adolescents. DISCUSSION: T2DM is difficult to differentiate from the more common type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in the paediatric population. Risk factors for T2DM include obesity, ethnicity and family history, and adolescence is a predisposing time for the development of T2DM due to physiological insulin resistance. Early-onset T2DM is more associated with shorter duration to insulin requirement, development of diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease than adult-onset T2DM and T1DM. The main goals in management include normalising hyperglycaemia, facilitating lifestyle modifications and managing diabetes-related and obesity-related comorbidities.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents is increasing, mirroring the epidemic of paediatric obesity. Early-onset T2DM is associated with poor long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVE: In this article, we describe the growing problem of early-onset T2DM in Australia, explore the difference between early-onset and adult-onset T2DM, and review the management of T2DM in children and adolescents. DISCUSSION: T2DM is difficult to differentiate from the more common type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in the paediatric population. Risk factors for T2DM include obesity, ethnicity and family history, and adolescence is a predisposing time for the development of T2DM due to physiological insulin resistance. Early-onset T2DM is more associated with shorter duration to insulin requirement, development of diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease than adult-onset T2DM and T1DM. The main goals in management include normalising hyperglycaemia, facilitating lifestyle modifications and managing diabetes-related and obesity-related comorbidities.
Authors: Phillipe D O'Brien; Lucy M Hinder; Amy E Rumora; John M Hayes; Jacqueline R Dauch; Carey Backus; Faye E Mendelson; Eva L Feldman Journal: Dis Model Mech Date: 2018-12-18 Impact factor: 5.758
Authors: Dmitry O Ivanov; Inna I Evsyukova; Ekaterina S Mironova; Victoria O Polyakova; Igor M Kvetnoy; Ruslan A Nasyrov Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2021-02-19 Impact factor: 5.923
Authors: Catherine L Clarke; Lana M Bell; Peter Gies; Stuart Henderson; Aris Siafarikas; Shelley Gorman Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-10-03 Impact factor: 3.390