Lynn Mørch-Johnsen1,2, Ragnar Nesvåg3,4, Kjetil N Jørgensen3,2, Elisabeth H Lange3,2, Cecilie B Hartberg2, Unn K Haukvik2, Kristiina Kompus5, René Westerhausen6, Kåre Osnes3, Ole A Andreassen2,7, Ingrid Melle2,7, Kenneth Hugdahl5,8, Ingrid Agartz3,2. 1. Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; lynn.morch-johnsen@medisin.uio.no. 2. NORMENT and K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 3. Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 4. Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. 5. NORMENT, Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 6. Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 7. Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. 8. Division of Psychiatry and Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated associations between smaller auditory cortex volume and auditory hallucinations (AH) in schizophrenia. Reduced cortical volume can result from a reduction of either cortical thickness or cortical surface area, which may reflect different neuropathology. We investigate for the first time how thickness and surface area of the auditory cortex relate to AH in a large sample of schizophrenia spectrum patients. METHODS: Schizophrenia spectrum (n = 194) patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Mean cortical thickness and surface area in auditory cortex regions (Heschl's gyrus [HG], planum temporale [PT], and superior temporal gyrus [STG]) were compared between patients with (AH+, n = 145) and without (AH-, n = 49) a lifetime history of AH and 279 healthy controls. RESULTS: AH+ patients showed significantly thinner cortex in the left HG compared to AH- patients (d = 0.43, P = .0096). There were no significant differences between AH+ and AH- patients in cortical thickness in the PT or STG, or in auditory cortex surface area in any of the regions investigated. Group differences in cortical thickness in the left HG was not affected by duration of illness or current antipsychotic medication. CONCLUSIONS: AH in schizophrenia patients were related to thinner cortex, but not smaller surface area of the left HG, a region which includes the primary auditory cortex. The results support that structural abnormalities of the auditory cortex underlie AH in schizophrenia.
BACKGROUND: Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated associations between smaller auditory cortex volume and auditory hallucinations (AH) in schizophrenia. Reduced cortical volume can result from a reduction of either cortical thickness or cortical surface area, which may reflect different neuropathology. We investigate for the first time how thickness and surface area of the auditory cortex relate to AH in a large sample of schizophrenia spectrum patients. METHODS:Schizophrenia spectrum (n = 194) patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Mean cortical thickness and surface area in auditory cortex regions (Heschl's gyrus [HG], planum temporale [PT], and superior temporal gyrus [STG]) were compared between patients with (AH+, n = 145) and without (AH-, n = 49) a lifetime history of AH and 279 healthy controls. RESULTS: AH+ patients showed significantly thinner cortex in the left HG compared to AH- patients (d = 0.43, P = .0096). There were no significant differences between AH+ and AH- patients in cortical thickness in the PT or STG, or in auditory cortex surface area in any of the regions investigated. Group differences in cortical thickness in the left HG was not affected by duration of illness or current antipsychotic medication. CONCLUSIONS: AH in schizophreniapatients were related to thinner cortex, but not smaller surface area of the left HG, a region which includes the primary auditory cortex. The results support that structural abnormalities of the auditory cortex underlie AH in schizophrenia.
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