Akiko Nanri1, Kengo Nakamoto2, Nobuaki Sakamoto3, Teppei Imai4, Shamima Akter5, Daisuke Nonaka6, Tetsuya Mizoue5. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: nanri@ri.ncgm.go.jp. 2. NGK Insulators, Ltd., Aichi, Japan. 3. Health Design Inc., Tokyo, Japan. 4. Azbil Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 6. Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several intervention studies have examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on influenza or influenza-like illness, but their results have been inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with influenza among Japanese workers. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of workers in 4 companies in the Kanto and Tokai areas of Japan. Physician-diagnosed influenza that occurred during the winter season was ascertained using a self-administered questionnaire. Two controls matched by company, sex, and age (and checkup date in 1 company) were selected for each case. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at baseline were measured using a competitive protein binding assay. Odds ratio of influenza were estimated by conditional logistic regression with adjustment for covariates. RESULTS: Of 182 cases and 364 controls, 179 cases and 353 controls with complete data were included in the analysis. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not associated with a significantly lower risk of influenza; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the highest (≥30 ng/mL) versus lowest category (<20 ng/mL) was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.37-1.59) (P for trend = 0.80). In a subgroup of participants without vaccination, vitamin D sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL) was associated with a significantly lower risk of influenza (odds ratio 0.14; 95% confidence interval 0.03-0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not appreciably associated with influenza episodes. However, the lower influenza risk associated with vitamin D sufficiency among unvaccinated participants warrants further investigation.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several intervention studies have examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on influenza or influenza-like illness, but their results have been inconsistent. We prospectively examined the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with influenza among Japanese workers. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of workers in 4 companies in the Kanto and Tokai areas of Japan. Physician-diagnosed influenza that occurred during the winter season was ascertained using a self-administered questionnaire. Two controls matched by company, sex, and age (and checkup date in 1 company) were selected for each case. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at baseline were measured using a competitive protein binding assay. Odds ratio of influenza were estimated by conditional logistic regression with adjustment for covariates. RESULTS: Of 182 cases and 364 controls, 179 cases and 353 controls with complete data were included in the analysis. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not associated with a significantly lower risk of influenza; the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the highest (≥30 ng/mL) versus lowest category (<20 ng/mL) was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.37-1.59) (P for trend = 0.80). In a subgroup of participants without vaccination, vitamin D sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL) was associated with a significantly lower risk of influenza (odds ratio 0.14; 95% confidence interval 0.03-0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were not appreciably associated with influenza episodes. However, the lower influenza risk associated with vitamin D sufficiency among unvaccinated participants warrants further investigation.
Authors: Hai Pham; Aninda Rahman; Azam Majidi; Mary Waterhouse; Rachel E Neale Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-08-21 Impact factor: 3.390