Minoru Yamada1, Yosuke Yamada2, Hidenori Arai3. 1. Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan. 2. Section of Energy Metabolism, Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. 3. National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.