Lauren R Pacek1, Ryan Vandrey2, Sarah S Dermody3, Rachel L Denlinger-Apte4, Andrine Lemieux5, Jennifer W Tidey4, F Joseph McClernon6, Ananta S Bangdiwala7, David J Drobes8, Mustafa al'Absi5, Andrew A Strasser9, Joseph S Koopmeiners10, Dorothy K Hatsukami11, Eric C Donny12. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. Electronic address: lauren.pacek@duke.edu. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. 3. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4. Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. 5. Department of Biobehavioral Health and Population Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA. 6. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA. 7. Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. 8. Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa FL, 33612, USA. 9. Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. 10. Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. 11. Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. 12. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, 15260, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act authorized the FDA to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes. Research is needed to guide proposed regulations, including evaluation of consequences to public health. This study evaluated how a reduced nicotine product standard might be moderated by and impact cannabis use. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a controlled clinical trial examining the effects of nicotine content in cigarettes in adult daily smokers. Linear regression assessed whether baseline cannabis use moderated behavioral, subjective, or physiological effects of smoking very low nicotine content (VLNC) versus normal nicotine content (NNC) cigarettes. Repeated measures analysis of associations between nicotine condition and prevalence and frequency of cannabis use was completed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS: Cannabis use did not moderate most of the following effects of VLNC cigarettes: Among cannabis users and non-users, smokers randomized to VLNC cigarettes reported lower nicotine dependence, cigarettes per day, biomarkers of nicotine exposure, and craving compared to smokers randomized to NNC cigarettes. Non-cannabis using smokers randomized to VLNC cigarettes also reported lower smoking dependence motives and had lower tobacco-specific nitrosamine exposure and total puff volume versus smokers randomized to NNC cigarettes. For cannabis users, smokers randomized to VLNC cigarettes reported decreased positive affect. VLNC cigarette use did not impact the prevalence or frequency of cannabis use. DISCUSSION: Findings provide evidence that nicotine reduction in cigarettes could have beneficial effects on cigarette smoking regardless of cannabis use. Results suggest that transitioning to VLNC cigarettes is unlikely to alter current rates of cannabis use.
RCT Entities:
INTRODUCTION: The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act authorized the FDA to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes. Research is needed to guide proposed regulations, including evaluation of consequences to public health. This study evaluated how a reduced nicotine product standard might be moderated by and impact cannabis use. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a controlled clinical trial examining the effects of nicotine content in cigarettes in adult daily smokers. Linear regression assessed whether baseline cannabis use moderated behavioral, subjective, or physiological effects of smoking very low nicotine content (VLNC) versus normal nicotine content (NNC) cigarettes. Repeated measures analysis of associations between nicotine condition and prevalence and frequency of cannabis use was completed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTS: Cannabis use did not moderate most of the following effects of VLNC cigarettes: Among cannabis users and non-users, smokers randomized to VLNC cigarettes reported lower nicotine dependence, cigarettes per day, biomarkers of nicotine exposure, and craving compared to smokers randomized to NNC cigarettes. Non-cannabis using smokers randomized to VLNC cigarettes also reported lower smoking dependence motives and had lower tobacco-specific nitrosamine exposure and total puff volume versus smokers randomized to NNC cigarettes. For cannabis users, smokers randomized to VLNC cigarettes reported decreased positive affect. VLNC cigarette use did not impact the prevalence or frequency of cannabis use. DISCUSSION: Findings provide evidence that nicotine reduction in cigarettes could have beneficial effects on cigarette smoking regardless of cannabis use. Results suggest that transitioning to VLNC cigarettes is unlikely to alter current rates of cannabis use.
Authors: Eric C Donny; Rachel L Denlinger; Jennifer W Tidey; Joseph S Koopmeiners; Neal L Benowitz; Ryan G Vandrey; Mustafa al'Absi; Steven G Carmella; Paul M Cinciripini; Sarah S Dermody; David J Drobes; Stephen S Hecht; Joni Jensen; Tonya Lane; Chap T Le; F Joseph McClernon; Ivan D Montoya; Sharon E Murphy; Jason D Robinson; Maxine L Stitzer; Andrew A Strasser; Hilary Tindle; Dorothy K Hatsukami Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2015-10 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: David J Allsop; Adrian J Dunlop; Craig Saddler; Gonzalo R Rivas; Iain S McGregor; Jan Copeland Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2014-02-12 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Sharon E Murphy; Sung-Shim L Park; Elizabeth F Thompson; Lynne R Wilkens; Yesha Patel; Daniel O Stram; Loic Le Marchand Journal: Carcinogenesis Date: 2014-09-18 Impact factor: 4.944
Authors: Kenneth H Levin; Marc L Copersino; Stephen J Heishman; Fang Liu; Deanna L Kelly; Douglas L Boggs; David A Gorelick Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2010-05-26 Impact factor: 4.492
Authors: Sharon E Murphy; Katherine M Wickham; Bruce R Lindgren; Logan G Spector; Anne Joseph Journal: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Date: 2013-02-27 Impact factor: 5.563
Authors: Maria A Parker; Joanna M Streck; Cecilia L Bergeria; Janice Y Bunn; Diann E Gaalema; Danielle R Davis; Anthony J Barrows; Stacey C Sigmon; Jennifer W Tidey; Sarah H Heil; Stephen T Higgins Journal: Tob Regul Sci Date: 2018-09
Authors: Susan Veldheer; Vishal Midya; Courtney Lester; Jason Liao; Jessica Yingst; Shari Hrabovsky; Sophia I Allen; Nicolle M Krebs; Lisa Reinhart; A Eden Evins; Kimberly Horn; John Richie; Joshua Muscat; Jonathan Foulds Journal: Tob Regul Sci Date: 2018-01
Authors: Rachel L Denlinger-Apte; Lauren R Pacek; Jennifer Cornacchione Ross; Maansi Bansal-Travers; Eric C Donny; Dorothy K Hatsukami; Dana Mowls Carroll Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-05-17 Impact factor: 3.390