Suhad M Bahijri1, Maimoona Ahmed2, Khalid Al-Shali2, Samia Bokhari3, Amani Alhozali2, Anwar Borai4, Amani Gusti3, Ghada Ajabnoor5, Ahmed Alghamdi6, Mohammed Asiri6, Jaakko Tuomilehto7. 1. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21441, Saudi Arabia. 2. Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 3. Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 4. Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 5. Department Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 6. Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 7. Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among management modality, glycemic control, components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and serum levels of γ glutamyl transferase (GGT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: Patients with T2DM, not suffering from diabetes complications, were recruited from outpatients clinics at two hospitals in Jeddah. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure (BP) were taken. A treatment plan was recorded. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids profile, highly sensitive (hs)-CRP and GGT. RESULTS: A total of 71 men and 82 women were recruited. Lower mean HbA1c was found in people receiving oral glucose-lowering drugs compared with those on insulin therapy (p < 0.001). Management modality had no effect on mean GGT or hs-CRP. Higher mean GGT was associated with poor glycemic control, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. GGT correlated significantly (p < 0.05) and directly with triglycerides in men (r = 0.401) and diastolic BP (r = 0.279 for men, r = 0.194, for women), but inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = -0.298 for men, r = -0.171 for women). hs-CRP correlated with waist circumference (p < 0.05, r = 0.312, for men, r = 0.305, for women), with a higher mean being found in men with poor glycemic control (p = 0.015), in hypertensive women (p = 0.030), and in patients who were abdominally obese (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of GGT and hs-CRP are associated with components of MS and poor glycemic control, hence increased cardiovascular risk. Due to their value as independent risk predictors of vascular injury, these measures should be included in routine monitoring of patients with T2DM.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among management modality, glycemic control, components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and serum levels of γ glutamyl transferase (GGT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS:Patients with T2DM, not suffering from diabetes complications, were recruited from outpatients clinics at two hospitals in Jeddah. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure (BP) were taken. A treatment plan was recorded. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipids profile, highly sensitive (hs)-CRP and GGT. RESULTS: A total of 71 men and 82 women were recruited. Lower mean HbA1c was found in people receiving oral glucose-lowering drugs compared with those on insulin therapy (p < 0.001). Management modality had no effect on mean GGT or hs-CRP. Higher mean GGT was associated with poor glycemic control, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. GGT correlated significantly (p < 0.05) and directly with triglycerides in men (r = 0.401) and diastolic BP (r = 0.279 for men, r = 0.194, for women), but inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = -0.298 for men, r = -0.171 for women). hs-CRP correlated with waist circumference (p < 0.05, r = 0.312, for men, r = 0.305, for women), with a higher mean being found in men with poor glycemic control (p = 0.015), in hypertensivewomen (p = 0.030), and in patients who were abdominally obese (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of GGT and hs-CRP are associated with components of MS and poor glycemic control, hence increased cardiovascular risk. Due to their value as independent risk predictors of vascular injury, these measures should be included in routine monitoring of patients with T2DM.
Authors: Helen M Colhoun; D John Betteridge; Paul N Durrington; Graham A Hitman; H Andrew W Neil; Shona J Livingstone; Margaret J Thomason; Michael I Mackness; Valentine Charlton-Menys; John H Fuller Journal: Lancet Date: 2004 Aug 21-27 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Y Ohkubo; H Kishikawa; E Araki; T Miyata; S Isami; S Motoyoshi; Y Kojima; N Furuyoshi; M Shichiri Journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract Date: 1995-05 Impact factor: 5.602