Claire Bouleti1,2, Marion Chauvet3, Guillaume Franchineau3, Dominique Himbert3,2,4, Bernard Iung3,2,4,5, Benjamin Alos3, Eric Brochet3,2, Marina Urena3,2, Walid Ghodbane6, Phalla Ou4,5,7, Sophie Provenchere8, Patrick Nataf2,5,6, Alec Vahanian3,2,4,5. 1. Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France claire.bouleti@bch.aphp.fr. 2. DHU Fire, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France. 3. Department of Cardiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France. 4. INSERM U1148 Bichat Hospital, Paris, France. 5. Faculté de Médecine Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France. 6. Department of Cardiac Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France. 7. Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France. 8. Department of Anaesthesiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has reoriented the treatment of aortic stenosis (AS) for high-risk patients. Little is known about late outcome after TAVI, surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) or medical treatment in a single centre. We report patients' characteristics, early and 6-year survival rates after the three therapeutic strategies, and the evolution over time. We also analysed predictive factors of mortality after TAVI or surgical AVR. METHODS: Between October 2006 and December 2010, 478 high-risk consecutive patients were referred for severe symptomatic AS. After Heart Team evaluation, 253 underwent a TAVI, 102 a surgical AVR and 123 medical treatment including 33 compassionate percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasties (PBAVs). Follow-up was complete in 98% of patients. RESULTS: Medically treated patients had higher risk scores than the other two groups. They presented a significantly worse survival (P < 0.001), with a 1-year rate of only 30%. The 33 patients who underwent compassionate PBAV presented the lowest survival rate, even lower than patients receiving drug therapy alone. In the TAVI group, patients had more comorbidities than those in the surgical group. There was no difference in 30-day survival rates [91 ± 2% for TAVI and 88 ± 3% for surgical AVR, hazard ratio (HR) for TAVI: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.73-2.58, P = 0.32]. Predictive factors of 30-day mortality were mainly postintervention complications illustrated by higher troponin levels and infection. The 6-year survival rates were 32 ± 4 and 40 ± 6% for TAVI and surgical AVR, respectively (HR for TAVI: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53-0.97, P = 0.03), but the difference was no longer significant after adjustment on the Charlson comorbidity index (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.68-1.29, P = 0.68). Predictive factors of late mortality were patients' comorbidities for both groups and paraprosthetic aortic regurgitation ≥2/4 for the TAVI group. The number of interventions (TAVI or surgery) increases over years, driven by the number of TAVI procedures without any decrease in surgical AVR. CONCLUSIONS: In this single-centre study, medically treated patients with severe AS have a higher risk profile than those undergoing surgery or TAVI. Their survival is particularly poor and not improved by compassionate PBAV. When comparing TAVI and surgical AVR, there was no difference in 30-day and 6-year survival rates after adjusting for comorbidities.
OBJECTIVES: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has reoriented the treatment of aortic stenosis (AS) for high-risk patients. Little is known about late outcome after TAVI, surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) or medical treatment in a single centre. We report patients' characteristics, early and 6-year survival rates after the three therapeutic strategies, and the evolution over time. We also analysed predictive factors of mortality after TAVI or surgical AVR. METHODS: Between October 2006 and December 2010, 478 high-risk consecutive patients were referred for severe symptomatic AS. After Heart Team evaluation, 253 underwent a TAVI, 102 a surgical AVR and 123 medical treatment including 33 compassionate percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasties (PBAVs). Follow-up was complete in 98% of patients. RESULTS: Medically treated patients had higher risk scores than the other two groups. They presented a significantly worse survival (P < 0.001), with a 1-year rate of only 30%. The 33 patients who underwent compassionate PBAV presented the lowest survival rate, even lower than patients receiving drug therapy alone. In the TAVI group, patients had more comorbidities than those in the surgical group. There was no difference in 30-day survival rates [91 ± 2% for TAVI and 88 ± 3% for surgical AVR, hazard ratio (HR) for TAVI: 1.37; 95% CI: 0.73-2.58, P = 0.32]. Predictive factors of 30-day mortality were mainly postintervention complications illustrated by higher troponin levels and infection. The 6-year survival rates were 32 ± 4 and 40 ± 6% for TAVI and surgical AVR, respectively (HR for TAVI: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.53-0.97, P = 0.03), but the difference was no longer significant after adjustment on the Charlson comorbidity index (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.68-1.29, P = 0.68). Predictive factors of late mortality were patients' comorbidities for both groups and paraprosthetic aortic regurgitation ≥2/4 for the TAVI group. The number of interventions (TAVI or surgery) increases over years, driven by the number of TAVI procedures without any decrease in surgical AVR. CONCLUSIONS: In this single-centre study, medically treated patients with severe AS have a higher risk profile than those undergoing surgery or TAVI. Their survival is particularly poor and not improved by compassionate PBAV. When comparing TAVI and surgical AVR, there was no difference in 30-day and 6-year survival rates after adjusting for comorbidities.
Authors: Adam Chakos; Ashley Wilson-Smith; Sameer Arora; Tom C Nguyen; Abhijeet Dhoble; Giuseppe Tarantini; Matthias Thielmann; John P Vavalle; Daniel Wendt; Tristan D Yan; David H Tian Journal: Ann Cardiothorac Surg Date: 2017-09