Rebecca L Bromley1, Rebecca Calderbank2, Christopher P Cheyne2, Claire Rooney2, Penny Trayner2, Jill Clayton-Smith2, Marta García-Fiñana2, Beth Irwin2, James Irvine Morrow2, Rebekah Shallcross2, Gus A Baker2. 1. From the Institute of Human Development (R.L.B. J.C.-S.), Department of Clinical Psychology (P.T.), and Centre for Women's Mental Health (R.S.), University of Manchester; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (R.L.B.), Manchester; Department of Clinical Psychology (R.C.), University of Lancaster; Departments of Biostatistics (C.P.C., M.G.-F.) and Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology (G.A.B.), University of Liverpool; Neuropsychology Trauma Pathway (C.R.), Merseycare NHS Trust, Liverpool; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine (J.C.-S.), St Mary's Hospital, Manchester; and Department of Neurology (B.I., J.I.M.), Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Rebecca.bromley@manchester.ac.uk. 2. From the Institute of Human Development (R.L.B. J.C.-S.), Department of Clinical Psychology (P.T.), and Centre for Women's Mental Health (R.S.), University of Manchester; Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (R.L.B.), Manchester; Department of Clinical Psychology (R.C.), University of Lancaster; Departments of Biostatistics (C.P.C., M.G.-F.) and Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology (G.A.B.), University of Liverpool; Neuropsychology Trauma Pathway (C.R.), Merseycare NHS Trust, Liverpool; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine (J.C.-S.), St Mary's Hospital, Manchester; and Department of Neurology (B.I., J.I.M.), Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to monotherapy levetiracetam, topiramate, and valproate on child cognitive functioning. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study. Children exposed to monotherapy levetiracetam (n = 42), topiramate (n = 27), or valproate (n = 47) and a group of children born to women who had untreated epilepsy (n = 55) were enrolled retrospectively from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. Assessor-blinded neuropsychological assessments were conducted between 5 and 9 years of age. Information was collected on demographic and health variables and adjusted for in multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: In the adjusted analyses, prenatal exposure to levetiracetam and topiramate were not found to be associated with reductions in child cognitive abilities, and adverse outcomes were not associated with increasing dose. Increasing dose of valproate, however, was associated with poorer full-scale IQ (-10.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] -16.3 to -5.0, p < 0.001), verbal abilities (-11.2, 95% CI -16.8 to -5.5, p < 0.001), nonverbal abilities (-11.1, 95% CI -17.3 to -4.9, p < 0.001), and expressive language ability (-2.3, 95% CI -3.4 to -1.6, p < 0.001). Comparisons across medications revealed poorer performance for children exposed to higher doses of valproate in comparison to children exposed to higher doses of levetiracetam or topiramate. CONCLUSIONS: Preconception counseling should include discussion of neurodevelopmental outcomes for specific treatments and their doses and women should be made aware of the limited nature of the evidence base for newer antiepileptic drugs.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of prenatal exposure to monotherapy levetiracetam, topiramate, and valproate on child cognitive functioning. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study. Children exposed to monotherapy levetiracetam (n = 42), topiramate (n = 27), or valproate (n = 47) and a group of children born to women who had untreated epilepsy (n = 55) were enrolled retrospectively from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. Assessor-blinded neuropsychological assessments were conducted between 5 and 9 years of age. Information was collected on demographic and health variables and adjusted for in multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: In the adjusted analyses, prenatal exposure to levetiracetam and topiramate were not found to be associated with reductions in child cognitive abilities, and adverse outcomes were not associated with increasing dose. Increasing dose of valproate, however, was associated with poorer full-scale IQ (-10.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] -16.3 to -5.0, p < 0.001), verbal abilities (-11.2, 95% CI -16.8 to -5.5, p < 0.001), nonverbal abilities (-11.1, 95% CI -17.3 to -4.9, p < 0.001), and expressive language ability (-2.3, 95% CI -3.4 to -1.6, p < 0.001). Comparisons across medications revealed poorer performance for children exposed to higher doses of valproate in comparison to children exposed to higher doses of levetiracetam or topiramate. CONCLUSIONS: Preconception counseling should include discussion of neurodevelopmental outcomes for specific treatments and their doses and women should be made aware of the limited nature of the evidence base for newer antiepileptic drugs.
Authors: Maryam Oskoui; Tamara Pringsheim; Lori Billinghurst; Sonja Potrebic; Elaine M Gersz; David Gloss; Yolanda Holler-Managan; Emily Leininger; Nicole Licking; Kenneth Mack; Scott W Powers; Michael Sowell; M Cristina Victorio; Marcy Yonker; Heather Zanitsch; Andrew D Hershey Journal: Neurology Date: 2019-08-14 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: P Emanuela Voinescu; Suna Park; Li Q Chen; Zachary N Stowe; D Jeffrey Newport; James C Ritchie; Page B Pennell Journal: Neurology Date: 2018-09-05 Impact factor: 11.800