Sophie Yvon1,2, Maïwenn Olier1, Mathilde Leveque1, Gwenaëlle Jard2, Helene Tormo2, Djamila Ali Haimoud-Lekhal2, Magali Peter2, Hélène Eutamène3,4. 1. UMR 1331 Toxalim INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-PURPAN, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille-BP.93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France. 2. Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaire, équipe Agroalimentaire et Nutrition, Université de Toulouse INP-PURPAN, 75 voie du TOEC, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 3, France. 3. UMR 1331 Toxalim INRA, INP-ENVT, INP-PURPAN, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, 180 chemin de Tournefeuille-BP.93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France. helene.eutamene@toulouse.inra.fr. 4. Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaire, équipe Agroalimentaire et Nutrition, Université de Toulouse INP-PURPAN, 75 voie du TOEC, 31076, Toulouse Cedex 3, France. helene.eutamene@toulouse.inra.fr.
Abstract
PURPOSE: In this study, we showed the beneficial effects of donkey milk (DM) on inflammatory damages, endogenous antimicrobial peptides levels and fecal microbiota profile in a mice model of Crohn's disease. Nowadays, new strategies of microbiome manipulations are on the light involving specific diets to induce and/or to maintain clinical remission. Interest of DM is explained by its high levels of antimicrobial peptides which confer it anti-inflammatory properties. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were orally administered with or without indomethacin for 5 days and co-treated with vehicle, DM or heated DM during 7 days. Intestinal length and macroscopic damage scores (MDSs) were determined; ileal samples were taken off for microscopic damage (MD), lysozyme immunostaining and mRNA α-defensin assessments. Ileal luminal content and fecal pellets were collected for lysozyme enzymatic activity and lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) evaluations. Fecal microbiota profiles were compared using a real-time quantitative PCR-based analysis. RESULTS: Administration of indomethacin caused an ileitis in mice characterized by (1) a decrease in body weight and intestinal length, (2) a significant increase in MDS, MD and LCN-2, (3) a reduction in both α-defensin mRNA expression and lysozyme levels in Paneth's cells reflected by a decrease in lysozyme activity in feces, and (4) a global change in relative abundance of targeted microbial communities. DM treatment significantly reduced almost of all these ileitis damages, whereas heated DM has no impact on ileitis. CONCLUSIONS: DM consumption exerts anti-inflammatory properties in mice by restoring the endogenous levels of antimicrobial peptides which contribute in turn to reduce microbiota imbalance.
PURPOSE: In this study, we showed the beneficial effects of donkey milk (DM) on inflammatory damages, endogenous antimicrobial peptides levels and fecal microbiota profile in a mice model of Crohn's disease. Nowadays, new strategies of microbiome manipulations are on the light involving specific diets to induce and/or to maintain clinical remission. Interest of DM is explained by its high levels of antimicrobial peptides which confer it anti-inflammatory properties. METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were orally administered with or without indomethacin for 5 days and co-treated with vehicle, DM or heated DM during 7 days. Intestinal length and macroscopic damage scores (MDSs) were determined; ileal samples were taken off for microscopic damage (MD), lysozyme immunostaining and mRNA α-defensin assessments. Ileal luminal content and fecal pellets were collected for lysozyme enzymatic activity and lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) evaluations. Fecal microbiota profiles were compared using a real-time quantitative PCR-based analysis. RESULTS: Administration of indomethacin caused an ileitis in mice characterized by (1) a decrease in body weight and intestinal length, (2) a significant increase in MDS, MD and LCN-2, (3) a reduction in both α-defensin mRNA expression and lysozyme levels in Paneth's cells reflected by a decrease in lysozyme activity in feces, and (4) a global change in relative abundance of targeted microbial communities. DM treatment significantly reduced almost of all these ileitis damages, whereas heated DM has no impact on ileitis. CONCLUSIONS:DM consumption exerts anti-inflammatory properties in mice by restoring the endogenous levels of antimicrobial peptides which contribute in turn to reduce microbiota imbalance.
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