Francesco Orio1, Giovanna Muscogiuri2, Cinar Nese3, Stefano Palomba4, Silvia Savastano5, Domenico Tafuri6, Giorgio Colarieti7, Giovanbattista La Sala4, Annamaria Colao2, Bulent O Yildiz3. 1. Department of Sports Science and Wellness, "Parthenope" University Naples, Naples, Italy; Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fertility Techniques Structure, University Hospital "S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona", Largo Città d'Ippocrate, Salerno, Italy. Electronic address: francescoorio@virgilio.it. 2. Ios and Coleman Medicina Futura Medical Center, Naples, Italy. 3. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. 4. Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy. 5. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University "Federico II" Naples, Italy. 6. Department of Exercise Science and Wellness, "Parthenope" University Naples, Naples, Italy. 7. Fertility Techniques Structure, "S. Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona" University Hospital Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive aged women and is characterized by two of the following three features: oligoovulation or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, or polycystic ovaries. SUMMARY: It has been demonstrated that PCOS includes a complex number of systemic symptoms in addition to symptoms related to the reproductive apparatus. It has been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Several clinical and basic studies have investigated the link between PCOS and the cardiovascular disease risk, which seems to be due to blunted lipid/glucose metabolism, hypertension, and systemic inflammatory and coagulation disorders. Therefore, the current manuscript aims to review the main findings on PCOS and obesity/obesity-related disease (glucose derangements and cardiovascular disease risk factors). KEY MESSAGE: Although there are no long-term data on the morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease in PCOS, it is advisable to perform a careful metabolic and cardiovascular assessment in women with PCOS in order to tailor the most suitable strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease.
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive aged women and is characterized by two of the following three features: oligoovulation or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, or polycystic ovaries. SUMMARY: It has been demonstrated that PCOS includes a complex number of systemic symptoms in addition to symptoms related to the reproductive apparatus. It has been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Several clinical and basic studies have investigated the link between PCOS and the cardiovascular disease risk, which seems to be due to blunted lipid/glucose metabolism, hypertension, and systemic inflammatory and coagulation disorders. Therefore, the current manuscript aims to review the main findings on PCOS and obesity/obesity-related disease (glucose derangements and cardiovascular disease risk factors). KEY MESSAGE: Although there are no long-term data on the morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease in PCOS, it is advisable to perform a careful metabolic and cardiovascular assessment in women with PCOS in order to tailor the most suitable strategy to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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