M Dan1, D Liu2, S M Martos2, E Beller3. 1. John Hunter Hospital, NSW, Australia & Department of Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland Australia. 2. Gold Coast Centre for Bone and Joint Surgery, Gold Coast, Australia. 3. Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To review records of 371 patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA) with intra-operative blood salvage to determine the allogeneic blood transfusion rate and the predictors for allogeneic blood transfusion. METHODS: Records of 155 male and 216 female consecutive patients aged 17 to 95 (mean, 70) years who underwent primary THA or TKA by a single surgeon with the use of intra-operative blood salvage were reviewed. RESULTS: The preoperative haemoglobin level was <120 g/dl in 15% of THA patients and 5% of TKA patients; the allogeneic transfusion rate was 24% in THA patients and 12% in TKA patients. Despite routine use of intra-operative blood salvage, only 59% of THA patients and 63% of TKA patients actually received salvaged blood, as a minimum of 200 ml blood loss was required to activate blood salvage. In multivariable analysis, predictors for allogeneic blood transfusion were female gender (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=2.8, p=0.02), age >75 years (adjusted OR=5.9, p<0.001), and preoperative haemoglobin level <120 g/l (adjusted OR=30.1, p<0.001), despite the use of intra-operative blood salvage. Patients who received allogeneic blood transfusion had a longer hospital stay and greater complication rate. CONCLUSION: Intra-operative blood salvage is not effective in preventing allogeneic blood transfusion in patients with a preoperative haemoglobin level <120 g/l. It should be combined with preoperative optimisation of the haemoglobin level or use of tranexamic acid.
PURPOSE: To review records of 371 patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA) with intra-operative blood salvage to determine the allogeneic blood transfusion rate and the predictors for allogeneic blood transfusion. METHODS: Records of 155 male and 216 female consecutive patients aged 17 to 95 (mean, 70) years who underwent primary THA or TKA by a single surgeon with the use of intra-operative blood salvage were reviewed. RESULTS: The preoperative haemoglobin level was <120 g/dl in 15% of THA patients and 5% of TKA patients; the allogeneic transfusion rate was 24% in THA patients and 12% in TKA patients. Despite routine use of intra-operative blood salvage, only 59% of THA patients and 63% of TKA patients actually received salvaged blood, as a minimum of 200 ml blood loss was required to activate blood salvage. In multivariable analysis, predictors for allogeneic blood transfusion were female gender (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=2.8, p=0.02), age >75 years (adjusted OR=5.9, p<0.001), and preoperative haemoglobin level <120 g/l (adjusted OR=30.1, p<0.001), despite the use of intra-operative blood salvage. Patients who received allogeneic blood transfusion had a longer hospital stay and greater complication rate. CONCLUSION: Intra-operative blood salvage is not effective in preventing allogeneic blood transfusion in patients with a preoperative haemoglobin level <120 g/l. It should be combined with preoperative optimisation of the haemoglobin level or use of tranexamic acid.
Authors: Daniela Ghisi; Marco Garroni; Sandra Giannone; Giovanni De Grandis; Andrea Fanelli; Maria Cristina Sorella; Stefano Bonarelli; Rita Maria Melotti Journal: Acta Biomed Date: 2020-11-10