Gemma K Plottier1,2, Kevin I Wheeler3, Sanoj K M Ali1,2, Omid Sadeghi Fathabadi4, Rohan Jayakar4, Timothy J Gale4, Peter A Dargaville1,5. 1. Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. 2. School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. 3. Neonatal Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 4. School of Engineering and ICT, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. 5. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a novel rapidly responsive proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm for automated oxygen control in preterm infants with respiratory insufficiency. DESIGN: Interventional study of a 4-hour period of automated oxygen control compared with combined data from two flanking periods of manual control (4 hours each). SETTING: Neonatal intensive care unit. PARTICIPANTS: Preterm infants (n=20) on non-invasive respiratory support and supplemental oxygen, with oxygen saturation (SpO2) target range 90%-94% (manual control) and 91%-95% (automated control). Median gestation at birth 27.5 weeks (IQR 26-30 weeks), postnatal age 8.0 (1.8-34) days. INTERVENTION: Automated oxygen control using a standalone device, receiving SpO2 input from a standard oximeter and computing alterations to oxygen concentration that were actuated with a modified blender. The PID algorithm was enhanced to avoid iatrogenic hyperoxaemia and adapt to the severity of lung dysfunction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Proportion of time in the SpO2 target range, or above target range when in air. RESULTS: Automated oxygen control resulted in more time in the target range or above in air (manual 56 (48-63)% vs automated 81 (76-90)%, p<0.001) and less time at both extremes of oxygenation. Prolonged episodes of hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia were virtually eliminated. The control algorithm showed benefit in every infant. Manual changes to oxygen therapy were infrequent during automated control (0.24/hour vs 2.3/hour during manual control), and oxygen requirements were unchanged (automated control period 27%, manual 27% and 26%, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The novel PID algorithm was very effective for automated oxygen control in preterm infants, and deserves further investigation. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a novel rapidly responsive proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm for automated oxygen control in preterm infants with respiratory insufficiency. DESIGN: Interventional study of a 4-hour period of automated oxygen control compared with combined data from two flanking periods of manual control (4 hours each). SETTING: Neonatal intensive care unit. PARTICIPANTS: Preterm infants (n=20) on non-invasive respiratory support and supplemental oxygen, with oxygen saturation (SpO2) target range 90%-94% (manual control) and 91%-95% (automated control). Median gestation at birth 27.5 weeks (IQR 26-30 weeks), postnatal age 8.0 (1.8-34) days. INTERVENTION: Automated oxygen control using a standalone device, receiving SpO2 input from a standard oximeter and computing alterations to oxygen concentration that were actuated with a modified blender. The PID algorithm was enhanced to avoid iatrogenic hyperoxaemia and adapt to the severity of lung dysfunction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Proportion of time in the SpO2 target range, or above target range when in air. RESULTS: Automated oxygen control resulted in more time in the target range or above in air (manual 56 (48-63)% vs automated 81 (76-90)%, p<0.001) and less time at both extremes of oxygenation. Prolonged episodes of hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia were virtually eliminated. The control algorithm showed benefit in every infant. Manual changes to oxygen therapy were infrequent during automated control (0.24/hour vs 2.3/hour during manual control), and oxygen requirements were unchanged (automated control period 27%, manual 27% and 26%, p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The novel PID algorithm was very effective for automated oxygen control in preterm infants, and deserves further investigation. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
Authors: Hylke H Salverda; Sophie J E Cramer; Ruben S G M Witlox; Timothy J Gale; Peter A Dargaville; Steffen C Pauws; Arjan B Te Pas Journal: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed Date: 2021-06-10 Impact factor: 5.747