Peritoneal dialysis-associated tuberculous peritonitis in an intravenous drug user with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A rare case of tuberculous peritonitis in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patient who has multiple risk factors for extrapulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is presented. This patient' acute course was atypical with a predominance of neutrophils and low levels of protein in the peritoneal fluid. Obtaining the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis by acid-fast smear was also unusual, probably facilitated by centrifugation of large amounts of fluid. The patient was successfully treated without catheter removal. Tuberculosis should be considered in patients with culture-negative CAPD peritonitis.