Gareth R Dutton1, Yongin Kim1, David R Jacobs2, Xuelin Li1, Catherine M Loria3, Jared P Reis3, Mercedes Carnethon4, Nefertiti H Durant1, Penny Gordon-Larsen5, James M Shikany1, Stephen Sidney6, Cora E Lewis1. 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. 2. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. 3. Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 5. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. 6. Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine 25-year trends in weight gain, partitioned by time-related and aging-related changes, during early and middle adulthood. METHODS: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), a prospective, non-nationally representative cohort study conducted at four urban field centers that began in 1985 to 1986 with 5,109 Black (B) and White (W) men (M) and women (W) aged 18 to 30 years, has followed participants for 25 years (aged 43-55 years in 2010-2011). Time-related and aging-related components of weight change were estimated to construct longitudinal models of linear and nonlinear trends. RESULTS: There were nonlinear trends in time-related weight gain in W, with larger weight gains early that attenuated at subsequent exams. Time-related trends were linear in M. There were nonlinear trends in aging-related weight gain in BM, BW, and WM, with the greatest weight gains at younger ages. Aging-related trends were linear in WW. Participants with overweight or obesity in early adulthood had greater attenuation of aging-related weight gain during middle adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: These findings partially support recent surveys indicating slower increases in obesity prevalence in recent years. Findings further suggest that aging-related weight gain is greatest in the 20s and may begin attenuating as early as the mid-30s among some groups.
OBJECTIVE: To examine 25-year trends in weight gain, partitioned by time-related and aging-related changes, during early and middle adulthood. METHODS: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), a prospective, non-nationally representative cohort study conducted at four urban field centers that began in 1985 to 1986 with 5,109 Black (B) and White (W) men (M) and women (W) aged 18 to 30 years, has followed participants for 25 years (aged 43-55 years in 2010-2011). Time-related and aging-related components of weight change were estimated to construct longitudinal models of linear and nonlinear trends. RESULTS: There were nonlinear trends in time-related weight gain in W, with larger weight gains early that attenuated at subsequent exams. Time-related trends were linear in M. There were nonlinear trends in aging-related weight gain in BM, BW, and WM, with the greatest weight gains at younger ages. Aging-related trends were linear in WW. Participants with overweight or obesity in early adulthood had greater attenuation of aging-related weight gain during middle adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: These findings partially support recent surveys indicating slower increases in obesity prevalence in recent years. Findings further suggest that aging-related weight gain is greatest in the 20s and may begin attenuating as early as the mid-30s among some groups.
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