Eye examination in the cat: Step-by-step approach and common findings.

PRACTICAL RELEVANCE: The ability to perform a complete eye examination in the cat is critically important for patients with an ocular disorder or a systemic disease, as well as for the geriatric cat. CLINICAL CHALLENGES: Cats may need short breaks between portions of the eye exam in order to minimize stress. For the clinician, use of ophthalmic equipment and interpretation of normal vs abnormal findings may take some practice in order to develop proficiency. AUDIENCE: This review is aimed at veterinary practitioners and outlines all the steps and equipment necessary to perform a complete ophthalmic examination in the cat. EQUIPMENT: Although some specialized equipment is required, a complete eye exam can be performed with a modest investment in equipment and supplies. EVIDENCE BASE: This article draws on published references for normal parameters measured in the feline eye exam, as well as the experience of the authors.