Literature DB >> 27555934

Crystal structure of 2-(4-acetyl-anilino)-2-oxoethyl 3-(4-hy-droxy-phen-yl)propionate.

Zaman Ashraf1, Daeyoung Kim2, Sung-Yum Seo3, Sung Kwon Kang2.   

Abstract

In the title compound, C19H19NO5, the amide carbonyl O atom is positioned anti to the other two carbonyl O atoms. The 4-hy-droxy-hydro-cinnamate fragment is disordered over two positions with an occupancy ratio of 0.729 (12):0.271 (12). The N-(C=O)-C plane of the acetamide group and the acetate O-(C=O)-C plane are almost co-planar; the acetamide plane makes dihedral angles of 1.9 (6) and 16.0 (19)°, respectively, with the acetate planes of the major and minor occupancy components. In the crystal, N-H⋯O, O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a supra-molecular sheet structure parallel to (102).

Entities:  

Keywords:  N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds; cinnamate ester; crystal structure; tyrosinase inhibitor

Year:  2016        PMID: 27555934      PMCID: PMC4992909          DOI: 10.1107/S205698901600894X

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Hy­droxy-substituted aromatic compounds with additional ester and amide functionalities have been reported to be potential tyrosinase inhibitors (Miliovsky et al., 2013 ▸; Takahashi & Miyazawa, 2011 ▸). Tyrosinase is a key enzyme present in melanocytes, which is involved in the biosynthesis of melanin. The abnormal production and accumulation of melanin causes a number of hyperpigmentation disorders such as freckles, melasma, lentigo senilis and pigmented acne scars (Lynde et al., 2006 ▸; Cullen, 1998 ▸). Tyrosinase has also been linked to melanoma, a skin-cancer type that arises from the aberrant proliferation of melanocytes (Uong & Zon, 2010 ▸). It has also been reported that tyrosinase is one of the main causes of most fruit and vegetable damage during post-harvest handling and processing, leading to quicker degradation and shorter shelf life (Yi et al., 2010 ▸). Therefore, the synthesis of safe and effective tyrosinase inhibitors is of great concern in the medical, agricultural and cosmetic industries. The synthesis and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of hy­droxy-substituted phenyl esters is currently an ongoing research topic in our lab (Ashraf et al., 2015 ▸). In view of the tyrosinase inhibitory potential of hy­droxy-substituted aromatic compounds, the title compound (Fig. 1 ▸) has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Figure 1

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound, showing the atom-numbering scheme and 30% probability ellipsoids. Only the major occupancy disorder component is shown.

Structural commentary

The fragment O1/O12/N10/C2–C9/C11/C13 including the acetamide group is almost planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.034 (11) Å. The 4-hy­droxy­hydro­cinnamate fragment is disordered over two positions with occupancy ratio of 0.729 (12):0.271 (12). The acetamide plane O12/N10/C11/C12 makes dihedral angles of 1.9 (6) and 16.0 (19)°, respectively, with the disordered acetate planes O14/O16/C15/C17 and O14A/O16A/C15A/C17A. The carbonyl O1 and O16 atoms are positioned anti with respect to the carbonyl O12 atom. These C=O bond lengths are in the range 1.176 (12)–1.226 (6) Å.

Supra­molecular features

In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (N10—H10⋯O1i, O25—H25⋯O12ii, C4—H4A⋯O16iii and C24—H24⋯O12ii; Table 1 ▸), forming a sheet parallel to (102) (Fig. 2 ▸). In the sheet, these hydrogen bonds form (6), (19) and (31) graph-set motifs. There are also weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (C13—H13B⋯O25iv and C13—H13B⋯O25A iv; Table 1 ▸) between the sheets (Fig. 3 ▸).
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N10—H10⋯O1i 0.86 (5)2.11 (5)2.925 (5)159 (4)
O25—H25⋯O12ii 0.95 (12)1.93 (11)2.87 (3)172 (13)
C4—H4A⋯O16iii 0.962.593.416 (10)144
C13—H13B⋯O25iv 0.972.603.458 (17)147
C13—H13B⋯O25A iv 0.972.503.34 (4)145
C24—H24⋯O12ii 0.932.573.284 (11)133

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .

Figure 2

The sheet structure of mol­ecules linked by N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O, and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (dashed lines). Only the major occupancy disorder components are shown.

Figure 3

Part of the packing diagram of the title compound, showing the C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (dashed lines) between the hydrogen-bonded sheets. Only the major disorder components are shown.

Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.37 with two updates, Groom et al., 2016 ▸) returned three entries for crystal structures with ethyl hydro­cinnamate as the main skeleton (BESTIC: Böjthe-Horváth et al., 1982 ▸; FUZYOQ: Wang et al., 2015 ▸; NAXVIR: Hassan & Wang, 1997 ▸). There are 76 entries of organic compounds with the 4-acetyl­anilino group.

Synthesis and crystallization

The title compound was synthesized by direct condensation of 4-hy­droxy­phenyl propanoic acid with N-(4-acetyl­phen­yl)-2-chloro­acetamide in the presence of dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent and tri­ethyl­amine base (Fig. 4 ▸). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Then the mixture was poured into finely crushed ice and extracted with ethyl acetate. It was washed with 5% HCl and 5% sodium hydroxide, and finally with aqueous NaCl solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. The title compound was purified by silica gel column chromatography using ethyl acetate and n-hexane (3:1) as eluent. The single crystals were obtained from a solvent mixture of ethyl acetate/n-hexane (3:1) upon slow evaporation at room temperature (yield 78%, m.p. 419–421 K). FTIR νmax cm−1: 3428 (N—H), 3354 (O—H), 2971 (sp 2 C—H), 2887 (sp 3 C—H), 1735 (C=O ester), 1646 (C=O amide), 1601 (C=C aromatic), 1154 (C—O, ester).
Figure 4

Reaction scheme for the synthesis of the title compound.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. The 4-hy­droxy­hydro­cinnamate fragment, O16/O25/C15–C24, was found to be disordered over two positions and the occupancy ratio was refined to 0.729 (12):0.271 (12). Atoms O16A, O25A and C15A–C24A of the minor component were refined isotropically. Planarity restraints were applied for atoms C18–C24, O25, C18A–C24A and O25A. Bond-distance restraints were also applied for C20, C22, C23, O16A and C15A–C24A. H10 and H25 of the NH and OH groups, respectively, were located in a difference Fourier map and the coordinates were refined with U iso(H) = 1.2U eq(N) and 1.5U eq(O) [N—H = 0.86 (5) Å and O—H = 0.95 (12) Å]. H25A of the minor occupancy OH group was refined with a restraint of O—H = 0.90 (2) Å, and with U iso(H) = 1.5U eq(O). All other H atoms were included as riding atoms, with C—H = 0.93–0.97 Å and with U iso(H) = 1.5U eq(C) for methyl H atoms or 1.2U eq(C) otherwise.
Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC19H19NO5
M r 341.35
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21
Temperature (K)296
a, b, c (Å)5.510 (3), 14.809 (9), 10.824 (7)
β (°)100.757 (7)
V3)867.7 (9)
Z 2
Radiation typeMo Kα
μ (mm−1)0.10
Crystal size (mm)0.26 × 0.25 × 0.23
 
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker SMART CCD area-detector
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections6909, 3403, 1798
R int 0.031
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.627
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.053, 0.126, 1.00
No. of reflections3403
No. of parameters276
No. of restraints25
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.14, −0.17

Computer programs: SMART and SAINT (Bruker, 2012 ▸), SHELXS2013 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2015 ▸), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ▸) and publCIF (Westrip,2010 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S205698901600894X/is5453sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S205698901600894X/is5453Isup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S205698901600894X/is5453Isup3.cml CCDC reference: 1483293 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C19H19NO5F(000) = 360
Mr = 341.35Dx = 1.306 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 5.510 (3) ÅCell parameters from 1529 reflections
b = 14.809 (9) Åθ = 2.4–20.5°
c = 10.824 (7) ŵ = 0.10 mm1
β = 100.757 (7)°T = 296 K
V = 867.7 (9) Å3Block, colourless
Z = 20.26 × 0.25 × 0.23 mm
Bruker SMART CCD area-detector diffractometerRint = 0.031
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tubeθmax = 26.5°, θmin = 1.9°
φ and ω scansh = −6→6
6909 measured reflectionsk = −18→18
3403 independent reflectionsl = −13→13
1798 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Refinement on F225 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.053H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.126w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0507P)2 + 0.0787P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.00(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
3403 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.14 e Å3
276 parametersΔρmin = −0.17 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
O11.0367 (8)1.4286 (2)0.0585 (4)0.0831 (15)
C20.8795 (10)1.3999 (4)0.1151 (5)0.0551 (15)
C30.8377 (10)1.3024 (3)0.1253 (5)0.0451 (14)
C40.7281 (11)1.4662 (3)0.1753 (6)0.0689 (18)
H4A0.77111.52670.15590.103*
H4B0.76151.45780.26480.103*
H4C0.55571.45620.14340.103*
C50.9784 (9)1.2426 (4)0.0675 (5)0.0555 (16)
H51.09861.26510.02580.067*
C60.9408 (10)1.1512 (3)0.0717 (5)0.0523 (15)
H61.03751.11230.03390.063*
C70.7613 (9)1.1162 (3)0.1315 (5)0.0459 (14)
C80.6218 (11)1.1739 (3)0.1902 (5)0.0572 (17)
H80.50161.15090.23150.069*
C90.6618 (9)1.2656 (3)0.1872 (5)0.0540 (16)
H90.56841.30390.22780.065*
N100.7347 (8)1.0214 (3)0.1292 (4)0.0511 (13)
H100.836 (9)0.995 (4)0.089 (4)0.061*
C110.5765 (10)0.9683 (4)0.1782 (5)0.0500 (15)
O120.4168 (7)0.9955 (2)0.2321 (4)0.0621 (11)
C130.6264 (11)0.8699 (3)0.1599 (5)0.0509 (15)
H13A0.61340.85700.07100.061*
H13B0.79230.85480.20240.061*
O140.4514 (7)0.8175 (2)0.2098 (4)0.0650 (12)
C150.4672 (17)0.7263 (6)0.1902 (11)0.044 (3)0.729 (12)
O160.631 (3)0.6938 (5)0.1497 (16)0.074 (4)0.729 (12)
C170.2874 (14)0.6724 (5)0.2509 (9)0.048 (2)0.729 (12)
H17A0.24460.61690.20420.058*0.729 (12)
H17B0.13720.70700.24870.058*0.729 (12)
C180.4021 (15)0.6501 (7)0.3868 (8)0.070 (3)0.729 (12)
H18A0.56590.62540.38930.084*0.729 (12)
H18B0.42000.70540.43560.084*0.729 (12)
C190.2509 (13)0.5829 (7)0.4479 (7)0.063 (3)0.729 (12)
C200.2881 (15)0.4932 (7)0.4377 (8)0.065 (3)0.729 (12)
H200.40610.47320.39280.078*0.729 (12)
C210.0769 (17)0.6103 (8)0.5129 (10)0.063 (3)0.729 (12)
H210.04790.67170.52020.076*0.729 (12)
C220.154 (2)0.4300 (8)0.4927 (10)0.085 (3)0.729 (12)
H220.18370.36860.48520.102*0.729 (12)
C23−0.024 (2)0.4599 (14)0.5590 (11)0.065 (6)0.729 (12)
C24−0.059 (2)0.5493 (11)0.5684 (12)0.060 (4)0.729 (12)
H24−0.17590.57040.61300.072*0.729 (12)
O25−0.156 (4)0.389 (2)0.6129 (17)0.079 (6)0.729 (12)
H25−0.24 (2)0.420 (8)0.669 (14)0.119*0.729 (12)
C15A0.526 (5)0.7305 (17)0.239 (2)0.033 (7)*0.271 (12)
O16A0.647 (11)0.698 (3)0.164 (6)0.13 (2)*0.271 (12)
C17A0.344 (5)0.6930 (19)0.317 (3)0.055 (8)*0.271 (12)
H17C0.38410.71560.40290.066*0.271 (12)
H17D0.17700.71160.28130.066*0.271 (12)
C18A0.363 (4)0.5920 (18)0.317 (2)0.075 (8)*0.271 (12)
H18C0.53480.57490.34200.090*0.271 (12)
H18D0.30550.57020.23210.090*0.271 (12)
C19A0.215 (3)0.5467 (15)0.4037 (16)0.044 (7)*0.271 (12)
C20A0.256 (4)0.4531 (14)0.412 (2)0.045*0.271 (12)
H20A0.36440.42590.36720.054*0.271 (12)
C21A0.054 (5)0.5854 (17)0.471 (2)0.050 (9)*0.271 (12)
H21A0.02730.64740.46490.060*0.271 (12)
C22A0.135 (5)0.4023 (14)0.487 (2)0.042*0.271 (12)
H22A0.16090.34030.49420.050*0.271 (12)
C23A−0.024 (5)0.444 (3)0.553 (2)0.037 (12)*0.271 (12)
C24A−0.071 (6)0.535 (2)0.548 (3)0.071 (18)*0.271 (12)
H24A−0.17940.56190.59320.085*0.271 (12)
O25A−0.135 (10)0.397 (6)0.622 (5)0.061 (13)*0.271 (12)
H25A−0.18 (5)0.439 (15)0.67 (3)0.091*0.271 (12)
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O10.110 (3)0.049 (2)0.112 (4)−0.013 (2)0.075 (3)0.007 (2)
C20.060 (4)0.049 (3)0.063 (4)0.004 (3)0.027 (3)0.003 (3)
C30.057 (4)0.034 (3)0.048 (4)0.000 (2)0.018 (3)0.007 (2)
C40.080 (4)0.040 (3)0.097 (5)−0.001 (3)0.040 (4)0.002 (3)
C50.054 (4)0.052 (4)0.070 (4)0.000 (3)0.034 (3)0.005 (3)
C60.063 (4)0.035 (3)0.069 (4)0.009 (3)0.039 (3)0.002 (3)
C70.052 (3)0.037 (3)0.056 (4)0.001 (3)0.030 (3)0.002 (2)
C80.070 (4)0.035 (3)0.079 (4)−0.003 (3)0.047 (3)0.001 (3)
C90.059 (4)0.038 (3)0.076 (4)0.004 (3)0.043 (3)0.001 (3)
N100.069 (3)0.030 (2)0.067 (3)0.003 (2)0.046 (3)−0.001 (2)
C110.052 (3)0.044 (3)0.058 (4)−0.003 (3)0.021 (3)0.001 (3)
O120.073 (3)0.040 (2)0.088 (3)0.0043 (18)0.054 (2)0.0006 (19)
C130.061 (4)0.037 (3)0.063 (4)−0.001 (3)0.033 (3)0.000 (2)
O140.074 (3)0.040 (2)0.098 (3)−0.0014 (18)0.058 (2)0.0079 (19)
C150.044 (6)0.046 (6)0.038 (6)−0.011 (4)−0.004 (5)0.017 (5)
O160.076 (6)0.022 (3)0.148 (10)0.006 (3)0.081 (6)0.012 (3)
C170.046 (5)0.045 (5)0.053 (6)−0.006 (4)0.008 (4)0.010 (4)
C180.070 (6)0.0760.067 (7)−0.017 (5)0.020 (5)0.015 (5)
C190.054 (6)0.090 (7)0.044 (6)−0.025 (5)0.009 (4)0.012 (5)
C200.063 (5)0.0640.083 (7)−0.008 (5)0.052 (5)−0.002 (6)
C210.059 (6)0.081 (7)0.050 (7)−0.016 (5)0.012 (5)0.014 (6)
C220.089 (7)0.0850.093 (8)0.010 (7)0.048 (6)0.002 (7)
C230.056 (8)0.088 (12)0.057 (8)−0.004 (6)0.031 (5)0.018 (6)
C240.051 (7)0.071 (8)0.066 (7)−0.005 (5)0.033 (5)0.013 (6)
O250.085 (8)0.064 (9)0.108 (10)−0.001 (5)0.068 (6)0.018 (6)
O1—C21.226 (6)C18—H18B0.9700
C2—C31.471 (7)C19—C211.352 (13)
C2—C41.512 (7)C19—C201.353 (13)
C3—C91.389 (6)C20—C221.391 (12)
C3—C51.398 (7)C20—H200.9300
C4—H4A0.9600C21—C241.378 (13)
C4—H4B0.9600C21—H210.9300
C4—H4C0.9600C22—C231.391 (13)
C5—C61.372 (7)C22—H220.9300
C5—H50.9300C23—C241.35 (2)
C6—C71.380 (7)C23—O251.46 (3)
C6—H60.9300C24—H240.9300
C7—C81.381 (7)O25—H250.95 (12)
C7—N101.411 (6)C15A—O16A1.24 (3)
C8—C91.377 (7)C15A—C17A1.53 (2)
C8—H80.9300C17A—C18A1.50 (4)
C9—H90.9300C17A—H17C0.9700
N10—C111.354 (6)C17A—H17D0.9700
N10—H100.86 (5)C18A—C19A1.51 (3)
C11—O121.212 (6)C18A—H18C0.9700
C11—C131.503 (7)C18A—H18D0.9700
C13—O141.421 (5)C19A—C21A1.37 (2)
C13—H13A0.9700C19A—C20A1.41 (2)
C13—H13B0.9700C20A—C22A1.37 (2)
O14—C15A1.37 (3)C20A—H20A0.9300
O14—C151.373 (11)C21A—C24A1.39 (3)
C15—O161.176 (12)C21A—H21A0.9300
C15—C171.514 (10)C22A—C23A1.38 (2)
C17—C181.525 (13)C22A—H22A0.9300
C17—H17A0.9700C23A—O25A1.26 (7)
C17—H17B0.9700C23A—C24A1.37 (3)
C18—C191.525 (11)C24A—H24A0.9300
C18—H18A0.9700O25A—H25A0.90 (3)
O1—C2—C3120.8 (5)H18A—C18—H18B107.7
O1—C2—C4119.3 (5)C21—C19—C20118.0 (8)
C3—C2—C4119.9 (5)C21—C19—C18121.9 (9)
C9—C3—C5117.6 (4)C20—C19—C18120.1 (9)
C9—C3—C2123.7 (4)C19—C20—C22121.7 (8)
C5—C3—C2118.7 (5)C19—C20—H20119.2
C2—C4—H4A109.5C22—C20—H20119.2
C2—C4—H4B109.5C19—C21—C24121.7 (12)
H4A—C4—H4B109.5C19—C21—H21119.2
C2—C4—H4C109.5C24—C21—H21119.2
H4A—C4—H4C109.5C20—C22—C23119.2 (11)
H4B—C4—H4C109.5C20—C22—H22120.4
C6—C5—C3120.6 (5)C23—C22—H22120.4
C6—C5—H5119.7C24—C23—C22118.5 (12)
C3—C5—H5119.7C24—C23—O25126.0 (17)
C5—C6—C7120.8 (5)C22—C23—O25115.6 (19)
C5—C6—H6119.6C23—C24—C21121.0 (12)
C7—C6—H6119.6C23—C24—H24119.5
C6—C7—C8119.5 (4)C21—C24—H24119.5
C6—C7—N10116.5 (4)C23—O25—H25105 (8)
C8—C7—N10124.0 (4)O16A—C15A—O14113 (3)
C9—C8—C7119.6 (5)O16A—C15A—C17A135 (3)
C9—C8—H8120.2O14—C15A—C17A105.6 (19)
C7—C8—H8120.2C18A—C17A—C15A108 (2)
C8—C9—C3121.8 (5)C18A—C17A—H17C110.1
C8—C9—H9119.1C15A—C17A—H17C110.1
C3—C9—H9119.1C18A—C17A—H17D110.1
C11—N10—C7130.0 (4)C15A—C17A—H17D110.1
C11—N10—H10118 (4)H17C—C17A—H17D108.4
C7—N10—H10112 (4)C17A—C18A—C19A113 (2)
O12—C11—N10125.0 (5)C17A—C18A—H18C108.9
O12—C11—C13123.6 (5)C19A—C18A—H18C108.9
N10—C11—C13111.4 (4)C17A—C18A—H18D108.9
O14—C13—C11109.0 (4)C19A—C18A—H18D108.9
O14—C13—H13A109.9H18C—C18A—H18D107.7
C11—C13—H13A109.9C21A—C19A—C20A119 (2)
O14—C13—H13B109.9C21A—C19A—C18A128 (2)
C11—C13—H13B109.9C20A—C19A—C18A112.3 (19)
H13A—C13—H13B108.3C22A—C20A—C19A119 (2)
C15A—O14—C13113.9 (10)C22A—C20A—H20A120.3
C15—O14—C13114.3 (5)C19A—C20A—H20A120.3
O16—C15—O14122.3 (8)C19A—C21A—C24A122 (2)
O16—C15—C17123.7 (9)C19A—C21A—H21A118.8
O14—C15—C17112.7 (8)C24A—C21A—H21A118.8
C15—C17—C18110.2 (7)C20A—C22A—C23A119 (2)
C15—C17—H17A109.6C20A—C22A—H22A120.5
C18—C17—H17A109.6C23A—C22A—H22A120.5
C15—C17—H17B109.6O25A—C23A—C24A117 (5)
C18—C17—H17B109.6O25A—C23A—C22A119 (5)
H17A—C17—H17B108.1C24A—C23A—C22A124 (3)
C19—C18—C17113.5 (5)C23A—C24A—C21A116 (3)
C19—C18—H18A108.9C23A—C24A—H24A122.0
C17—C18—H18A108.9C21A—C24A—H24A122.0
C19—C18—H18B108.9C23A—O25A—H25A103 (10)
C17—C18—H18B108.9
O1—C2—C3—C9−179.6 (5)C17—C18—C19—C2088.3 (8)
C4—C2—C3—C90.7 (8)C21—C19—C20—C22−0.5 (5)
O1—C2—C3—C5−0.9 (9)C18—C19—C20—C22179.7 (3)
C4—C2—C3—C5179.3 (5)C20—C19—C21—C240.5 (8)
C9—C3—C5—C60.5 (8)C18—C19—C21—C24−179.7 (5)
C2—C3—C5—C6−178.2 (5)C19—C20—C22—C230.6 (7)
C3—C5—C6—C70.9 (8)C20—C22—C23—C24−0.6 (9)
C5—C6—C7—C8−1.5 (9)C20—C22—C23—O25179.7 (5)
C5—C6—C7—N10179.1 (5)C22—C23—C24—C210.6 (10)
C6—C7—C8—C90.7 (9)O25—C23—C24—C21−179.7 (6)
N10—C7—C8—C9180.0 (5)C19—C21—C24—C23−0.6 (10)
C7—C8—C9—C30.8 (9)C15—O14—C15A—O16A60 (4)
C5—C3—C9—C8−1.3 (8)C13—O14—C15A—O16A−36 (4)
C2—C3—C9—C8177.3 (6)C15—O14—C15A—C17A−96 (3)
C6—C7—N10—C11−179.6 (5)C13—O14—C15A—C17A167.6 (15)
C8—C7—N10—C111.0 (10)O16A—C15A—C17A—C18A14 (7)
C7—N10—C11—O122.6 (10)O14—C15A—C17A—C18A162 (2)
C7—N10—C11—C13−176.3 (5)C15A—C17A—C18A—C19A173.0 (16)
O12—C11—C13—O142.7 (7)C17A—C18A—C19A—C21A6 (2)
N10—C11—C13—O14−178.4 (5)C17A—C18A—C19A—C20A−174 (2)
C11—C13—O14—C15A−158.1 (12)C21A—C19A—C20A—C22A−0.1 (5)
C11—C13—O14—C15175.5 (7)C18A—C19A—C20A—C22A179.9 (4)
C15A—O14—C15—O16−85 (3)C20A—C19A—C21A—C24A0.0 (8)
C13—O14—C15—O169.0 (15)C18A—C19A—C21A—C24A−180.0 (5)
C15A—O14—C15—C1782 (3)C19A—C20A—C22A—C23A0.1 (8)
C13—O14—C15—C17176.8 (6)C20A—C22A—C23A—O25A179.9 (6)
O16—C15—C17—C1880.5 (15)C20A—C22A—C23A—C24A−0.1 (11)
O14—C15—C17—C18−87.2 (10)O25A—C23A—C24A—C21A−179.9 (7)
C15—C17—C18—C19−170.4 (8)C22A—C23A—C24A—C21A0.1 (11)
C17—C18—C19—C21−91.5 (8)C19A—C21A—C24A—C23A−0.1 (10)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N10—H10···O1i0.86 (5)2.11 (5)2.925 (5)159 (4)
O25—H25···O12ii0.95 (12)1.93 (11)2.87 (3)172 (13)
C4—H4A···O16iii0.962.593.416 (10)144
C13—H13B···O25iv0.972.603.458 (17)147
C13—H13B···O25Aiv0.972.503.34 (4)145
C24—H24···O12ii0.932.573.284 (11)133
  8 in total

1.  A short history of SHELX.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A       Date:  2007-12-21       Impact factor: 2.290

2.  Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors.

Authors:  Wei Yi; Rihui Cao; Wenlie Peng; Huan Wen; Qin Yan; Binhua Zhou; Lin Ma; Huacan Song
Journal:  Eur J Med Chem       Date:  2009-11-10       Impact factor: 6.514

3.  Kinetic and in silico studies of novel hydroxy-based thymol analogues as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase.

Authors:  Zaman Ashraf; Muhammad Rafiq; Sung-Yum Seo; Kang Sung Kwon; Mustafeez Mujtaba Babar; Najam-us-Sahar Sadaf Zaidi
Journal:  Eur J Med Chem       Date:  2015-05-21       Impact factor: 6.514

4.  A novel one-pot synthesis and preliminary biological activity evaluation of cis-restricted polyhydroxy stilbenes incorporating protocatechuic acid and cinnamic acid fragments.

Authors:  Mitko Miliovsky; Ivan Svinyarov; Yavor Mitrev; Yana Evstatieva; Dilyana Nikolova; Maya Chochkova; Milen G Bogdanov
Journal:  Eur J Med Chem       Date:  2013-06-05       Impact factor: 6.514

Review 5.  Topical treatments for melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Authors:  C B Lynde; J N Kraft; C W Lynde
Journal:  Skin Therapy Lett       Date:  2006-11

Review 6.  Melanocytes in development and cancer.

Authors:  Audrey Uong; Leonard I Zon
Journal:  J Cell Physiol       Date:  2010-01       Impact factor: 6.384

7.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

8.  The Cambridge Structural Database.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Ian J Bruno; Matthew P Lightfoot; Suzanna C Ward
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater       Date:  2016-04-01
  8 in total

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