Bianca Balbino1, Riccardo Sibilano2, Philipp Starkl2, Thomas Marichal3, Nicolas Gaudenzio2, Hajime Karasuyama4, Pierre Bruhns5, Mindy Tsai2, Laurent L Reber6, Stephen J Galli7. 1. Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; INSERM, U1222, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. 2. Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. 3. Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. 4. Department of Immune Regulation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. 5. Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; INSERM, U1222, Paris, France. 6. Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; INSERM, U1222, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. Electronic address: laurent.reber@pasteur.fr. 7. Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. Electronic address: sgalli@stanford.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Conflicting results have been obtained regarding the roles of Fc receptors and effector cells in models of active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA). In part, this might reflect the choice of adjuvant used during sensitization because various adjuvants might differentially influence the production of particular antibody isotypes. OBJECTIVE: We developed an "adjuvant-free" mouse model of ASA and assessed the contributions of components of the "classical" and "alternative" pathways in this model. METHODS: Mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin at weekly intervals for 6 weeks and challenged intraperitoneally with ovalbumin 2 weeks later. RESULTS: Wild-type animals had immediate hypothermia and late-phase intraperitoneal inflammation in this model. These features were reduced in mice lacking the IgE receptor FcεRI, the IgG receptor FcγRIII or the common γ-chain FcRγ. FcγRIV blockade resulted in a partial reduction of inflammation without any effect on hypothermia. Depletion of monocytes/macrophages with clodronate liposomes significantly reduced the hypothermia response. By contrast, depletion of neutrophils or basophils had no significant effects in this ASA model. Both the hypothermia and inflammation were dependent on platelet-activating factor and histamine and were reduced in 2 types of mast cell (MC)-deficient mice. Finally, engraftment of MC-deficient mice with bone marrow-derived cultured MCs significantly exacerbated the hypothermia response and restored inflammation to levels similar to those observed in wild-type mice. CONCLUSION: Components of the classical and alternative pathways contribute to anaphylaxis in this adjuvant-free model, with key roles for MCs and monocytes/macrophages.
BACKGROUND: Conflicting results have been obtained regarding the roles of Fc receptors and effector cells in models of active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA). In part, this might reflect the choice of adjuvant used during sensitization because various adjuvants might differentially influence the production of particular antibody isotypes. OBJECTIVE: We developed an "adjuvant-free" mouse model of ASA and assessed the contributions of components of the "classical" and "alternative" pathways in this model. METHODS:Mice were sensitized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin at weekly intervals for 6 weeks and challenged intraperitoneally with ovalbumin 2 weeks later. RESULTS: Wild-type animals had immediate hypothermia and late-phase intraperitoneal inflammation in this model. These features were reduced in mice lacking the IgE receptor FcεRI, the IgG receptor FcγRIII or the common γ-chain FcRγ. FcγRIV blockade resulted in a partial reduction of inflammation without any effect on hypothermia. Depletion of monocytes/macrophages with clodronate liposomes significantly reduced the hypothermia response. By contrast, depletion of neutrophils or basophils had no significant effects in this ASA model. Both the hypothermia and inflammation were dependent on platelet-activating factor and histamine and were reduced in 2 types of mast cell (MC)-deficient mice. Finally, engraftment of MC-deficient mice with bone marrow-derived cultured MCs significantly exacerbated the hypothermia response and restored inflammation to levels similar to those observed in wild-type mice. CONCLUSION: Components of the classical and alternative pathways contribute to anaphylaxis in this adjuvant-free model, with key roles for MCs and monocytes/macrophages.
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