Ternary Pd-Ni-P hybrid electrocatalysts derived from Pd-Ni core-shell nanoparticles with enhanced formic acid oxidation activity.

Ternary Pd-Ni-P hybrid electrocatalysts were synthesized through low temperature phosphidation of Pd-Ni core-shell nanoparticles. They show enhanced formic acid electro-oxidation activity compared to Pd, Pd-Ni and Pd-P nanoparticles, which is ascribed to the synergistic effect of the Ni and P components with Pd.