Parathyromatosis-A rare occurrence along the endoscopic tract detected on fine needle aspiration cytology.

Parathyromatosis is a rare cause of recurrent or persistent hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy. The knowledge of such an entity is essential for clinical suspicion as well as cytological diagnosis and can be confirmed by ancillary techniques. We report a case, previously operated endoscopically for parathyroid adenoma, who presented with recurrent hyperparathyroidism and was found to have multiple tiny subcutaneous chest wall nodules along the endoscopic tract. Fine needle aspiration cytology coupled with immunocytochemistry confirmed parathyroid tissue. Clinical awareness of this entity can help in early detection of the cause of persistent hyperparathyroidism in these patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:1125-1127.